**Using CSS Pseudo-Elements to Style Broken Images**
In this lesson, we'll explore how to style broken images using CSS pseudo-elements. We'll start by creating a class for our image element and apply some basic styles to it.
First, let's create a class for our image element. We can do this by adding the following code:
```
.image {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 0.7rem;
text-align: center;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
```
This code applies some basic styles to our image element, including a font size of 0.7rem and an `text-align` property set to center.
Next, we'll add the `::after` pseudo-element to our class. The `::after` pseudo-element allows us to add additional content to an element without affecting its structure or layout. We can use this pseudo-element to add a background image to our broken image.
Let's update our CSS class to include the `::after` pseudo-element:
```
.image {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 0.7rem;
text-align: center;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
.image::after {
content: '';
display: block;
width: 100%;
min-width: 200px;
padding: 10 20 10 45;
border: dashed 1px #ccc;
background-color: #fff;
background-image: url('no-image.png');
background-size: 10px;
background-position: 15px 10px;
z-index: 1;
}
```
In this updated code, we've added a `::after` pseudo-element to our class. This pseudo-element applies the following styles:
* We're setting its content property to an empty string (`''`). This tells the browser that we want to add additional content to our element.
* We're setting its display property to `block`. This tells the browser that we want to render this pseudo-element as a block-level element, rather than inline.
* We're setting its width and min-width properties. These values will be used to create a fixed-size container for our background image.
* We're adding some padding to our pseudo-element. This helps us create space around the icon that we'll add later.
* We're applying a dashed border to our pseudo-element. This adds a visual separator between our element and its content.
* We're setting its background color property to `#fff` (white). This sets the background color of our pseudo-element to white.
* We're adding a background image to our pseudo-element using the `background-image` property. In this case, we've used an image called `no-image.png`, which is located in our "broken images" folder.
* We're setting the `background-size` property to `10px`. This tells the browser that we want to resize our background image so that it's 10 pixels wide.
* We're applying a `background-position` property. This sets the position of our background image within its container.
* We're finally setting its z-index property to `1`. This helps us ensure that our pseudo-element is rendered on top of our element.
Now, let's add some content to our pseudo-element. We can do this by adding a string with an `alt` attribute inside the `content` property:
```
.image::after {
content: "Flying Eagle | Not Found";
}
```
In this updated code, we've added the text "Flying Eagle | Not Found" inside the `content` property of our pseudo-element. The `|` symbol separates the two words, and the `Not Found` part is displayed in the same font size as our element.
Finally, let's update our HTML to include an image with a broken link:
```
```
This code creates an `` element with a `class` attribute set to `.image`. This tells the browser which CSS styles to apply to this element. We've also added a `src` attribute, but since our image is broken, it will be displayed as a pseudo-element.
If we inspect this element in our browser, we'll see that it's been styled with the background image and text. The image itself is large, while the pseudo-element takes up less space.
To fix the layout issue, we can add some margin to the `img` element:
```
.img {
width: 100%;
min-width: 200px;
margin-bottom: 40px;
}
```
This code sets the `margin-bottom` property of our `.img` class. This adds a bottom margin that pushes the pseudo-element out of the way, allowing it to be displayed on top of the image.
By adding this CSS rule, we've fixed the layout issue and ensured that our broken image is styled correctly using pseudo-elements.