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**The Most Successful F1 Team Ever: Why Williams Can't Seem to Win**

For most teams, Formula 1 is a means to an end. It's advertising. Win on Sunday, sell on Monday. Mercedes sells luxury cars, Ferrari sells sports cars, Red Bull sells... well, Red Bull. So what does Williams sell? They sell nothing. They just race. Unlike most teams, they're not trying to win only so you'll buy something. They just wanna win.

Unfortunately for them, they haven't been doing that in a very long time. So why is one of the most successful F1 teams ever on a decades-long losing streak? Well, I think I figured out why, and it's all because once upon a time, Williams was simply too good.

**The Car That Made Them Too Good**

Today we're going to look at the car that made them too good. Let's go. (mellow music) Thank you again to our friends over at Omaze for sponsoring today's video. Omaze is always giving you a chance to win the car of your dreams. Kinda like this one right here.

That's right. One of you has the chance to win this custom 1970 Chevrolet K5 Blazer restored by Ringbrothers, with taxes and shipping included. This classic Blazer has been crafted with one-of-a-kind parts and unique features, from its vintage-inspired dashboard to those custom HRE wheels. Under that carbon fiber hood, you'll find a growling LS3 6.2-liter V8 making 430 horsepower. And that's paired with 33-inch General Grabber tires.

**Why We're Giving Away This Awesome Car**

I got an LS1 on my Catfish. You got an LS3 in your Blazer. We can be frigging LS brothers. Put it there, man. So for your chance to win this custom 1970 Chevrolet K5 Blazer, go to omaze.com/donut. And best of all, every donation supports Team Rubicon and the Veterans Coalition for Vaccination. They work in aiding local and state officials and other partner organizations in distributing the COVID-19 vaccine nationwide.

**The Legacy of Williams: The FW15C**

So what does Williams sell? (laughs) But seriously, way back in 1993, Williams built the most high-tech F1 car of all time, the FW15C. It had an automatic clutch, built-in telemetry sensors, a drive-by-wire throttle, pneumatic valves, driver-selectable power steering, and a mess of computers – all designed to produce faster laps than their competition. Those high-tech features are commonplace in F1 today. But three decades ago, racing was still pretty analog, and Williams pushed F1 into the digital world with their NASA-grade engineering.

They were... (pauses) Oh, right. Unfortunately for them, they haven't been doing that in a very long time.

WEBVTTKind: captionsLanguage: en- For most teams, Formula1 is a means to an end.It's advertising.Win on Sunday, sell on Monday.Mercedes sells luxury cars,Ferrari sells sports carsRed Bull, they sell Red Bull.So what does Williams sell?They sell nothing.They just race.Unlike most teams,they're not trying to winonly so you'll buy something.They just wanna win.Unfortunately for them,they haven't been doing thatin a very long time.So why is one of the mostsuccessful F1 teams everon a decades long losing streak?Well, I think I figured out why,and it's all because once upon a time,Williams was simply too good.And today we're gonna look at the carthat made them too good.Let's go.(mellow music)Thank you once again toour friends over at Omazefor sponsoring today's video.Omaze, they're always giving youa chance to win the car of your dreams.Kinda like this one right here.That's right.One of you has thechance to win this custom1970 Chevrolet K5 Blazerrestored by Ringbrothers,with taxes and shipping included.This classic Blazer has been craftedwith one of a kind partsand unique features,from its vintage inspired dashto those custom HRE wheels.Under that carbon fiberhood, you'll find a growlin LS3 6.2 liter V8 making 430 horsepower.And that's paired with 33inch General Grabber tires.I got an LS1 on my Catfish.You got an LS3 in your Blazer.We can be frigging LS brothers.Put it there, man.So for your chance to win this custom 1970Chevrolet K5 Blazer,go to omaze.com/donut.And best of all, everydonation supports Team Rubiconand the VeteransCoalition for Vaccination.They work in aidinglocal and state officialsand other partner organizationsin distributing theCOVID-19 vaccine nationwide.So what are you waiting for?Hurry on up.Go to omaze.com/donut to donate today.And good luck.If you win, come pick me up.I'll be your MatthewMcConaughey side buddy.All right, all right, all right.(soft music)Way back in 1993, Williams builtthe most high tech F1 carof all time, the FW15C.It had an automatic clutch,built in telemetry sensors,a drive by wire throttle,pneumatic valves, driverselectable power steering,and a mess of computers,all designed to produce fasterlaps than their competition.Those high tech featuresare commonplace in F1 today.But three decades ago, racingwas still pretty analogand Williams in their FW15C pushed F1into the digital world withtheir NASA grade engineering.They were "The Jetsons,"and the rest of the grid,they were "Flintstones."William!All that innovation helped me Williams winthe 1993 Constructors Championshipwith twice as many pointsas the second place McLaren,cementing their positionas the standout team of the early '90s.But the nail that standsout often gets hammered downand Williams got hammered hard.The FIA saw the dominanceof the Williams carand knew the competitionwould take years to catch up.So for 1994, they banned Williams'most innovative features.Including analog brakes, traction controland active suspension.The FIA was so afraidof Williams' engineers,that their unique continuouslyvariable transmissionwas banned after testing.It never even saw a race.So what made all thesehigh-tech features so great?Well, each of themsolve a specific problemfaced by every Formula 1 team.An F1 car from any erais a twitchy little beastthat requires precisionto get every last drop ofspeed without crashing.Unfortunately, not alldrivers are created equal.And for every Lewis Hamilton,there's a Nikita Mazepin.Oh, Mazepin burn.Sorry, Mazepin.You get double lapped,you get roasted on "B2B."You guys don't like Mazepin,hit that like and subscribe button.But even for Hamilton,driving at the absolute limit of gripfor an entire Grand Prixdemands a huge amount ofenergy and concentration.Getting tired or distractedand you might exceedthe tire's level of gripand lose control.That's when anti-lockbrakes and traction controlcome in to save the day.Just like a modern roadcar, the FW15C's ABS systemused speed sensors and computersto detect when a wheelhas stopped rotating,while the car is still in forward motion.This happens when a driver misjudgesthe amount of grip availableand uses too much brake pedal.The ABS computerintervenes during a lockupand reduces the total braking force.It does this by pulsingor rapidly applyingand releasing the brakes.You might've felt this in your own carwhen you're panic brakingto avoid an accidentor trying to stop on ice or snow,or when you're trying to avoidhitting a possum in the road.No, Pepper. No!Oh, Pepper.I have a pet possum.His name's pepper.What's that?He actually died.Reducing the total braking forceallows the wheels to rotate again,and then the tires regaintraction so they can slowor turn the car.Without ABS, locked up tires just slidein whatever directionthe car was traveling,often sending it straight off the track.You can see here in this car,the wheels are actually turned.The driver doesn't wannago where he's heading,but without ABS, that patch of tirecontinuously keeps skiddingand the car pushes forward.You've seen this in F1, I'm sure.And that's part becausethe FIA doesn't allow ABS.Traction control, it's in a similar boat.It has speed sensors and computersthat detect when a wheelis rotating too fastfor the car's overall speed.This happens when a driver misjudgesthe available grip and usestoo much throttle pedal,spinning the wheels.In a rear wheel drive car like in F1,the spinning rear tires willhave less grip than the front.You do that while turningand the car could oversteer into a spin.If they have traction control,the computer would intervenewhen it detects wheel spin,reducing throttle inputand slowing the wheelsso the tires can regain tractionand the car can safely accelerate.Now, under ideal conditions,a top level driver canoutbreak and out accelerateeven modern ABS andtraction control systems.But again, trying to maintainthat level of precisionfor 70 laps with zeromistakes is a challenge.The FW15C's ABS and traction controlmeant Williams driverscould push harder for longerthan their competition.These systems also meantthat the drivers could chargeover slippery surfaceslike curbs or even grass,taking aggressive lines with less risks.But the FIA, they didn't likethese fancy schmancy nerd systems.They thought this wouldpermit subpar driversto achieve undeserved success,while computers took careof the actual driving.Obviously, that's not truesince Mazepin is still in there,but the FIA wanted thebest drivers to win races,not the best engineers and programmers.So in 1994, they bannedall electronically controlled driver aids,including ABS and traction control.(car engine revving)- Have youever dreamed of a worldwhere cars and ideas create vision?Where collectibles are not only collected,they are felt?- Introducing the latest innovationin cars and collectibles.Stocky.♪ I want that new thing, new thing, new ♪♪ I want that new thing, new thing ♪♪ Give me some of that new thing ♪♪ Give me some of that new thing ♪- Stocky is a first of itskind designer collectible,the ultimate gift for a car nerd,and unofficially licensed Acura product.So turns out that creating a collectibleis not easy or cheap.It's been a very long processbut we're really stokedwith how it turned out,and we hope that you guys are too.Just like everything with Donut,the only way that this issuccessful is through you guys.I mean, you guys are the onlyreason we're anything at all.So we're launching this on Kickstarter.We wanted to makesomething the perfect sizeto display on your desk, next to your TV,in your dorm room, in the shop, wherever.We explored a ton ofdifferent deformationsbefore finally landing on this.Something that we thinkis the perfect mix of funand stylize, while still stayingtrue to the original car.Speaking of the car, for Stocky 001,we knew that we had to gowith one of the most iconicand legendary tuner cars of all time,the DC2 Integra Type R.We're launching this in a bunchof sick different colorways.Everything from OEM finisheslike phoenix yellow,authentic Honda championship whiteand nighthawk black pearl too.Crazy versions like primer gray,glow in the dark, translucent.We're even gonna make a gold one,like actual gold from the ground.You only got two weeks leftto get the launch edition.Get yourself a Stocky,get your friend a Stocky.Let's take it to the moon, baby.(soft music)- But the FIA reallymay have overestimatedhow much work these computers were doing.This was 1993, not agolden age of computing.I didn't even know computerswere around in the early '90s.But I wouldn't know,cause I was not born yet.I was born in 2001.Calculate that and you know my age.You're welcome.The first Pentium processorhad just been introducedand operated at 66 megahertzor about a 10th of thespeed of the first iPhone.In a car regularly exceeding160 miles per hour,early computer controlled systemshad a hard time keeping up.So Williams made them driver selectable.A little wheel spin is sometimes fasterand good drivers know this.It was still up to the driver to knowwhen the system should be turned onto produce better results or left off.But the success of theFW15C was largely dueto a much more sophisticated featurethan its ABS and traction control.A computer controlled active suspension.These are shocks.A passive suspensionuses mechanical springsand pressurized shock absorbersthat have the same spring rates,dampening force and rideheight under all conditions.Because F1 cars encountera wide range of speeds,corners and surfaces during a Grand Prix,a passive suspension setupis always a compromise.They're designed to do an okay jobof dealing with that range of conditionsbut not optimized for every one of them.They're jack of all trades,but a master of none,like our editor, Canaan.He's a not a master at one thing.With an active suspension,computers detect bumps,body movements and vibrationsand adjust the suspensionsettings on the flyto those best suited totheir immediate conditions.Now Lotus, they werethe first to experimentwith active suspension byadding components on topof typical shocks and coral springs.But the extra weight of the hydraulicsand mechanical actuators,plus the computers and sensorsand all that good stuffnecessary to make it all work,it wasn't worth the trade offand Lotus abandoned the idea.But Williams, oh no, they were determined.And their FW15C's activesuspension replacedthe traditional shocks and springswith active hydro pneumatic cylindersthat weighed just about the same.Now, having a separatecylinder at each cornermeant drivers could maintaincontrol in circumstancesthat would upset anordinary passive suspension.That's because eachwheel suspension responsecould be adjusted independently.So for example, if adriver cut across the curbon a hard turn, the suspension's computerwould keep the outside suspension firmto reduce body roll, whilesimultaneously softeningthe inside to absorb theimpact and maintain grip.Now, watch Formula 1today and you'll see carsbriefly up on two wheels or even airbornefrom curb impacts like these.Occasionally leading tosomething called an accident.You could potentially avoidall these types of crasheswith the active suspension system,making for faster and safer racing.But because of the FW15C's dominance,the FIA banned these systems in 1994.Was it because activesuspension is another formof electronic driver aid likeABS and traction control?Well, no.Active suspension was bannedbecause it violated a rule from 1969,which prohibited moveableaerodynamic parts.Since the 1969 ban onmovable aerodynamic parts,lots of attempts have beenmade to overcome the trade-offwith aero parts that react differentlyin different conditions,and that continues today.Red Bull, they were justcriticized a few weeks agofor having a rear wing that was too bendy.The only movable aerodynamicscurrently legal on F1 is DRS.That's the system that opens upthe rear wing for a boost of speedwhen a car is attempting to pass.The FW15C did not havemovable aerodynamic parts,per se, though.When it did have was apush to pass functionthat created an effect a lot like DRS.Let me explain.On a high speed straight,a Williams drivercould press a button on the steering wheelthat lowered the rear suspension.That adjusted the pitch of the entire car,which flattened theangle of the rear wing,reducing its drag for betteracceleration and speed.That button was also linked to the ECU,which would temporarily increasethe red line by 300 RPM.The decreased drag andextra power gave the FW15Ca huge edge when passing other cars.But because it did this bychanging the aerodynamic profile,the FIA banned it based on that.The final innovation thatproved Williams engineerswere simply too good,was their continuouslyvariable transmission or CVT?That transmission wassuch a huge improvement,it was banned by the FIA beforeit even saw a Grand Prix.So what makes a CVT so great?Infinite gears.There are a lot of infinitethings that I'd like.Infinite lives.Infinite chocolate.Infinite, you know what.But infinite gears, whywould you want that?Well, suppose your engine makes200 horsepower at 6,000 RPM,but at 1,000 RPM, it probablymakes about 10 horsepower.That's because everyengine has a power curveand maximum power only happensat one specific engine speedusually close to the rev limit.Now, imagine you're doing azero to 60 acceleration test.When you begin accelerating,you're at 1,000 RPM.So you've got 10 horsepower.But just before first gearruns out at 40 miles per hour,the engine is finallyspinning at 6,000 RPM.And for a sweet moment there,you've got all full 200 ponies.So what happens when yougo to upshift to second?The revs drop down to 4,000 RPMand the horsepower drops to about 100,before gradually climbing back upand making maximum poweragain, right at 6,000 RPMjust before 60 miles per hour,and then you shift again.You see what I'm getting at here.In the acceleration test,your 200 horsepower engineis only making 200 horsepowerat two specific speeds.40 miles an hour and 60 miles an hour.Now, every car using a normal transmissionwith just a handful ofgear ratios is like this,including F1 cars.For each gear, there's justone specific vehicle speedwhere the engine is making maximum power.The rest of the time, nearly all the time,the engine is producing less than that.But what if you couldsomehow infinitely adjustthe gear ratio?Then you can make maximumpower all the time.And that is exactly what a CVT does.Instead of using metalgears of various sizesto create small number of fixed ratios,a CVT sends power fromthe engine to the wheelsusing a belt and two pulleys.Each pulley is made fromtwo cones that move closeror further away from each other,effectively increasing ordecreasing the pulley diameter.The difference betweenthe effective diametersof each pulley determines the ratioof engine speed to wheel speed.Since that difference can vary infinitelybetween the minimum and maximum valuesof those pulleys anyway, that meansthat the wheel speedcan increase or decreasewhile engine speed remains constant.A driver in an FW15Cwith a CVT transmission,they don't have to compromise horsepowerby selecting a few set of gears.With the CVT, they have aninfinite number of gears.So it's one less choicethat they have to make.Now, instead, the drivercan pin the engineat 13,000 RPM when it's producingits maximum 780 horsepowerand use all of that powerat any vehicle speed.The CVT manages changes in wheel speedby adjusting the pulleys tochange the effective gear ratio,leaving the engine free to stay spinningat any speed the driver wants.And as an added bonus, thedriver never has to shift gears.Something that also slows the car down.Now, Williams only tested their CVT twicebefore the FIA created arule requiring all carsto use a set number of fixed gear ratios.So what the heck, FIA?Why did you ban this sweet innovation?Well, officially they fearedthat such a huge engineeringchange would contributeto rapidly increasing costs,as Williams' competitorswould have to spend tonsof research and development to catch up.Oh, booty hoody.Now, unofficially, it wasrumored that a Williams' carwith a CVT was turninglaps several seconds fasterduring testing than one withan ordinary transmission.So the million dollar question is,how did all these bansaffect the Williams F1 team?At first, it wasn't too bad.William's engineers, they kept workingand building winning cars,even if they were a littleboring compared to the FW15C.They managed to claim a fewmore constructors championships,bringing their total to nine,the best in the worldat the end of the '90s.But since then, the standout F1 teamsare the ones with the biggest budgets.Mercedes, Ferrari, Red Bull.They have won every season but onefor the past two decades.Brawn in 2009.Unlike Williams, all three of those teamshave huge amounts ofincome at their disposal.Each of them spent morethan $400 million in 2020.That's three times that ofwhat Williams can afford.Meanwhile, Williams has finished dead lastthe last three years in a row.So is that it for Williams?Is all hope lost for that team?Well, maybe not.See, the FIA, theyhammered down on Williamsback in the '90s because theywere afraid races would be wonby the best car andnot by the best driver.Nowadays, the FIA is worriedits biggest budgets teamswill win races.So they've implementednew spending cap for 2021.That cap, 145 million,which is just about whatWilliams can afford.So what do you think in 2022?Is Williams gonna...Are they gonna be going to be better?I hope so.I'm sick of seeingMercedes win all the time.God dang it.It's the same frickingcar winning all that time.It's like me playingtennis against Canaan.He (beep) got frigging smoked.He's not gonna quote thison here, but he should.It would be the right thing to do.- Big announcement.- Donut is looking for new...Sorry, can you go back to the beginning?You guys, Donut is looking for new hosts.Do you love cars?Do you know how to work on cars?Do you have a potentially unhealthy desireto be the center of attention?Perfect.Then go here or click thelink in the description below.We're looking for the funniestperson in the pit crew,the most hilarious person in the shop.If this is you, submit to be a host.If this sounds like someone you know,encourage them to submit to be a host.The last time we did this,we met both Zach Jobe and Jeremiah.- Thank you guys so muchfor watching my audition.- Hello, Donut Media.My name is Zach Jobe.- You could seriously be next.So go ahead and click thatlink or send it to a friendand let's make videos about cars together.- Goodbye.- Thank you guys so much for watchingthis episode of "Bumper 2 Bumper."Follow me on Instagram @JeremiahBurton.Follow us on Donut here @DonutMedia.Until next week, bye for now.(soft music)