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**Have You Ever Pondered to Yourself?**

You have ever pondered to yourself,

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WEBVTTKind: captionsLanguage: en- Have you ever pondered to yourself,"What's the most reliable, dependable,"indestructible truck ever built?"It's not your Chevy, Bruce,it's not your Ford, Dale,sorry, Bill, it's not your Dodge either.It's a 1980'sToyota Pickup truck.(hip-hop music)And I don't want to saythat they're the cockroach of trucks,because that has anegative connotation, butthey're the cockroach of trucks.You can step on them, spray them,light them on fire,drown them in the ocean,blow them up in a concrete building,and they still won't quit.So the only question I have is, "How?"How is a seemingly basic, no-frills truckfrom the late 80's one of thetoughest vehicles ever built?Well, it boils down toone word, and that word?Simplicity.So, today, we're gonna talkabout the simple elementsthat make the Toyota pickupthe most indestructible truck ever made.We're gonna look at,specifically, two things,its frame and its engine.Let's do it.I drove mine without engineoil for two months straight.(imitating car engine)I was an idiot.(hip-hop music)Thanks for Keeps forsponsoring this episodeof Bumper 2 Bumper.If you love your hair as much as I do,(moaning)yeah, I love my hair,and you want to keep it right hereon top of your beautiful head,well, listen up.Because two out of threeguys will experiencesome form of male pattern baldnessby the time they're 35,and the best way to prevent hair lossis to just do something about itwhile you still have hair left.If you knew right now that you,with your head and its full,luscious hair on top of itwould turn into a barrenpatch of head skin,would you do nothing to stop it?Come on!Keeps treatments really workto help your hair stay there,and the sooner you start using it,the more hair you'll save.Save all those future little hair babies.Save them, give them a chance.You can visit a doctor onlineand get hair loss medication deliveredright to your door every three months,so you don't even needto leave your house.That's kind of good right now.And if you're ready to takeaction and prevent hair loss,go to keeps.com/b2b or clickthe link in the descriptionto receive 50% off your first order.That's K-E-E-P-S dot com slash B-2-B.Thank you for supporting the companiesthat support us here at Donut.We love you.(beeping)(funky music)If you live in the states,Toyota didn't give theirtrusty truck the Hilux badging.From 1976 to 1994, Toyotadidn't even give the truckany sort of proper name.They literally calledit the Toyota Pickup.That's it.Which is actually the perfect name.They didn't need some fancy naming devicebecause what made the Toyota truck greatwas the fact that it was simple.They didn't give a truck!(beeping)There's no airbags, nowindows, no power locks,no power seats, no AC,some models didn't evenhave full door panels.They used bench cloth seats,manual locking hubs, no tack.It was a bare-bones,mighty little pickup truckbuilt in a time when truckswere utilitarian work horses.No frills, just function.And when you make stuff simple,less stuff breaks,and the backbone thatmade this truck so hardywas its frame.Specifically that ithad a fully boxed frame.Now during that time,its competition in thelight weight truck division,we're talking about the FordRanger and the Chevy S10,they were built using a C-channel frame.So what's the difference between the twoand why is one better than the other?Now the frame is thebackbone of the automobile,and for body on framevehicles, like a truck,the frame is made up of rails, or beams,welded or bolted togetherin a specific waythat gives the frame its structure.Now these rails, or channelsas we can call them,are usually made of steel,and they have a specific shapethat give the frame itsstructural rigidity,and there are two types ofdesigns for these channels.If you take a piece of steel, for example,and you fold it at two points,it creates an open-ended channel,and if you were to lookat a cross section of it,it would look like a C,hence the name C-channel.The C-channel is one of themost common types of framesused in vehicles.The other design is what'scalled the box frame.The box frame is when you take thatopen part of the C-channeland you add a fourth side to it,making it a box.The channel is fully enclosedalong the length of the framein what's called a fully-boxed frame.So what are the advantagesand disadvantagesof each of these and why did Toyotago with the box framestyle with their pickup?(funky music)Starting with the C-channel, it's cheaper.Welcome to economics 101,you're on your way to making money.If you can make a mass-produced itemusing a fundamental part that is cheaper,you save more money andtherefore you make more money.The cost is driven downbecause it takes less timeto manufacture a C-channel.You're essentially justmaking two bends in the metal,and that's it.That is a oversimplification, of course,but you get my point.The process is cheaper.And the second benefitis that they're easierto bolt stuff onto the frame.For all intents and purposes,it's just a thick plate of steel,so you can drill holes,you can bolt brackets,you can do whatever you want,just start adding partsto it, it's much easier.Another so-called "benefit" of C-channelsis that the frame flexes to allowfor some of the road bumps to be absorbedby the frame itself so that the suspensionhas less work to do.The frame is part ofthe suspension design.And sure, okay, I'll entertain this.This is what C-channel fanboysare wanting you to believe,but I would be in the campthat your suspensiondesign should be focused onthe suspension,but maybe I'm wrong,okay, maybe I'm wrong.Maybe so is every racecar builder out there.The reason race car buildersbuild frames that don't flexis because they don't want it flexing.When that happens, it turns your frameinto another springthat you can't control.You want all of those motionsto be controlled by the dampersin the springs of your suspension.You can change your shocks outand change settings all you want,but you can't change your frame out.Go ahead, debate it.C-channel versus box frame,people, go nuts in the comments.I'll be in the comments in the first hour.Convince me C-channel's better.(beeping)So that is the benefits of a C-channel.What about the box frame,like the one used in this Toyota pickup?(hip-hop music)Well the box frame is more rigid.Think about one of the strongest typesof structural members, and that's a tube.Again, there's a reasonrace cars and race trucksare built with tubes andnot open C-Channel members.When you close up that channeland you form it into a box,it improves the structuralrigidity of the frame.Specifically, they have ahigher torsional rigidity.That means they don't twist as much.Also, compared to a C-channel,you don't need as much material.C-channels have to be thickerto make up for that open side,which means for the sametorsional rigidity specs,a box frame can actually be lighter.Food for thought.Now if you need any convincingthat a box frame isbetter than a C-channel,with the exception ofthree trucks built in 2020,every manufacturer offersa fully boxed frameon their trucks.The three trucks that don't have it,the Ford F550, and the Toyota Tundra,and Tacoma.(musical sting)Hold on, what?Toyota switched?Went to something worse?Yeah, that's right.More on that reason in a bit,so stick around, it's a juicy explanation.(slurping)So back in the late 80's and early 90's,when Ford and Chevy were advertisingtheir light weight truckswith their C-channel frames as beingdesigned to flex for your comfortand your improved ride quality,Toyota, with their pickup,went with the structurallysuperior box frame,and this is what makes these trucksoff road, rock crawling beasts.When you're climbing up a rock face,you don't want your frame twisting around,and a box frame prevents that.It also has a strongerpayload in towing capacity.Their four by two modelswere capable of carrying1640 pounds and pulling3500 pounds.The Chevy S10 of a similar yearwas only rated at 1300 poundsand could pull only 2000 pounds.The Toyota pickup was actuallyconsidered a half-ton truckdue to its frame and suspension setup,it's pretty cool.They even built a one ton versionthat could handle 2655 pounds of payloadand could pull 5000 pounds.This is a tiny truck!You know how much 5000 pounds is?I don't know, like, two of your mama.(yelling)(beeping)5000 pounds, that's a lot of weight.That's about the weightof a small elephant.And most importantly, thestronger frame also lends itselfto being better when you smack itwith a wrecking ball(cartoon smacking sound)or you blow it up in a buildingwhen the truck's on top of it.So again, there's a reason trucks todayuse a box frame, it's just better.But like I teased before,why did Toyota do awaywith their box framein their current lineupof Tacos and Tundras?Well, it came down to rust.You see, the box frame pickups were great,but they had a design flaw.They weren't built to keep out wateror let water drain ifany got inside the frame,and water absolutely hates steel.It's like the bully at school.He's steel, okay?And you?You're water.You're just a little nerd boythat chips away at him mentally each day,slowly but surely.You're breaking down that buff bullywho used to beat you upwith small jabs of subtle insultsthat weaken his confidencethrough subconscious verbage.You're in it for the long game.He's tough now, but get it10 years and he'll rust away.You'll be hosting a show at Donutwhile he's living withhis parents in Boca Raton,bartending at Rico'sSweatshop with his bald head,and he doesn't even know about Keeps.Sup, Walker?Hope you're doing well, buddy.So one reason Toyota might have gonewith an open-channel frame designin their current lineup of trucksis because they had tospend billions of dollarsreplacing the rusted framesfrom older generation pickups.So they thought, "Hey,"we've been down this road,"maybe let's limit our risk, here."When you lose billions of dollars,someone's getting in trouble,and the guy designing theframe, he screwed up big time,so the next dude in linewas like, "Hey, man,"let's go tried and true."I don't want any of theserust problems on my hands."I don't want to be at fault for it."Actually, they do have what's calleda semi-box design, sothe front part of the framewhere the engine sits,that's boxed, but towards the rear,where the trunk bed is and the cap,that's a C-channel.So they kind of gave a compromise,so maybe that's why.You know, who knows?I don't work for Toyota, okay?I'm only speculating, here.We're in the speculation zone.- The speculation zone.(beeping)- So how can a truckwith a frame that rustsbe considered one of themost reliable trucks?Well, it takes a longtime for that to happenand deem the truckinoperable, and in fact,in the case of the Top Gear truck,it was actually the rustedframe that crumpled in a waythat kept the entire truck together,so its weakness turned into strength.And speaking of strengths,let's talk about the other thingthat makes this truck soreliable, indestructible,and dependable, and that is its engine.(funky music)We get that this Japanese pickup truckcan take a lick and keep on ticking,but what's under the hood of this truckthat allows it to just drive awayfrom situations that most carwould end up being sent to the junkyard?It's time to give a little loveto the four cylinder engine.Now there are a bunch of engine varietiesthat Toyota put in thepickup, gas and diesel both.The Hilux in Top Gear hasthe little 2.4 liter diesel,which put out a whopping 83 horsepower.It was a trooper.But I want to focus onanother engine in particular,one that was most common in the pickup,and that's the 2.4liter, 22 RE gas engine.They put this engine in a bunch of cars,the Celica, the Corona, the 4Runner.Toyota used the 22 RE until1997, that's 15 years.And again, with good reason.The motor was built to last.It was durable and easy to work on.- Somebody did it right.(chorus singing)(beeping)- 2.4 liter singleoverhead cam four bangeris known to reach well over 500,000 miles,and the reason it's so goodis because Toyota had a lot oftime to perfect this engine.The 22 RE comes from a familyof extremely well designed engines,the R-series motors.Toyota first built the R-seriesall the way back in the 50's,and this engine was overbuiltwith a high nickel content blockand a forged crankshaft.The presence of nickel addsstrength to the iron block.An alloy of only 5.5% weight of nickelhas a strength that is 125% greaterthan estimates for a pure iron block.And the forged crankshaftis stronger as well.We talked about forgedparts in our super-episode,go back and watch itafter this, but basically,it means it's stronger.The long stroke, (moans)and domes pistons coupledwith fuel injectionhelp provide good, lowto mid range torque.Now a longer stroke enginemeans it does this more.You guys get it.It won't rev as hot, but itwill produce more torque,and the domed pistons added a small amountof volume increase, which also increasesthe compression ratio, and, in turn,makes a bit more power.Toyota even used the22 RE as a power plantin the Celica GTS during its outingin the 1985 Macau Grand Prix,finishing third behindtwo six-cylinder BMWs.They needed two more cylinders.Typical BMW.Always trying to compensate.It was the highest finish forany 22 RE powered Toyota ever,and Toyota even made aturbo version, the 22 RTE.Heck yeah, hashtag bushcreeks!Where my turb fans at?So like I said earlier, Iactually had a Toyota pickup.It was my first truck, a1990, four by four five speedwith the 22 RE.And before I knew how to work on cars,or knew anything about engines,I drained what I thoughtwas the engine oil,so I added my engine oil,no filter change becauseI was a freaking animal,and I drove the truck around like normal.Fast forward a month, it turns outI drained the transmission oil.So, if you're wondering, "Well,dude, you added engine oil,"didn't you, like, overfill it?"Well, no, because one, Inever checked the engine oilbecause I was an animal,and two, it was so low to begin with,that when I added oil during the "change,"it brought it back up to the normal level.MeaningI ran a 22REwithout engine oilfor who knows how long, and it ran fine.And I ran it without gearoil for that whole month.Also, my sister sold that truck,which I still get upset about,so if you happen to own amaroon red 1990 Yota pickupwith camo interior, five speed,you live in the Florida area,sorry that you have my abused truck.But actually, hit me up.This is a Toyota pickuptruck we're talking about,so I bet that thing's fine,bet it's running great.I love Toyota pickuptrucks, I've owned two,and if you want to knowmore information about them,why don't you watch thisepisode of Up To Speed?It's got maybe one of the bestintros we've ever written.Comedy gold.I'll make a deal with you.If you don't chuckle just a little bit,just a tiny little chuckle,and I'm talking about evenif it's inside your heart,your mind, you don'teven have to vocalize it,I'll give you one of my dirt bikes.(groans)I don't know, that was a bad deal.(laughs)(beeping)