Don't Undervolt the RTX 4090.
**GPU Undervolting on the RTX 4090: A Comprehensive Analysis**
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### Introduction to GPU Undervolting
GPU undervolting is a technique where we reduce the operating voltage of a graphics card while maintaining the same clock speeds. This method has traditionally been a "cheat code" for enhancing GPU performance, allowing users to achieve lower temperatures, reduced power consumption, and quieter fan operations without sacrificing performance. For older generations like the RTX 3090 and RTX 2080 Ti, undervolting consistently delivered these benefits almost every time it was attempted.
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### Differences with the RTX 4090
However, things take a different turn with the RTX 4090. When experimenting with clock speeds and voltage adjustments on this latest GPU, we observed unexpected behavior. Unlike previous generations, undervolting on the RTX 4090 results in a slight performance drop. This phenomenon was clearly demonstrated through testing: while the GPU clock remained consistent between the stock and undervolted settings, the effective performance metrics (measured in FPS) showed a noticeable reduction when undervolting was applied.
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### Technical Analysis: Clock Speeds and Voltage Impact
To understand this anomaly, we examined the RTX 4090's clock speed behavior under undervolting. Typically, GPU discussions revolve around the GPU clock; however, there are two additional critical metrics to consider: the video clock and the effective clock.
- **Previous Generation Behavior (e.g., RTX 3090):** When undervolting was applied, these secondary clocks either remained stable or slightly increased alongside the primary GPU clock.
- **RTX 4090 Behavior:** In contrast, enabling an undervolt profile caused both the video and effective clocks to drop significantly. This suggests that these metrics are closely tied to the GPU's voltage level, possibly as a protective measure against unintended tuning.
This close coupling of secondary clocks with voltage levels introduces complexities not seen in previous generations. It raises questions about how NVIDIA handles power management and thermal regulation on the RTX 4090.
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### Testing Results: Performance and Power Consumption
Our testing revealed that undervolting the RTX 4090 results in a modest performance hit, with only a few FPS lost. However, the benefits in terms of power consumption were substantial—reductions ranging from 70 to 80 watts were observed. These savings translate to lower thermal outputs and quieter operations, which are significant for systems prioritizing efficiency.
Despite these gains, we noticed inconsistencies. Attempts at more conservative undervolting (e.g., setting the GPU clock slightly higher while maintaining voltage) did not yield the expected performance improvements. In some cases, increasing the GPU clock resulted in a loss of a few FPS despite only modest power savings, making such adjustments less appealing.
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### Limitations and Observations
One peculiar limitation encountered with the RTX 4090 is the inability to set voltages below 0.905V using tools like MSI Afterburner. This cap prevents users from achieving the extreme undervolt profiles seen in previous generations (e.g., 800mV on the RTX 3090). While this restriction might be a protective feature, it limits the potential benefits of aggressive undervolting and essentially nerfs the card's performance.
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### Conclusion: Undervolting on the RTX 4090
In summary, undervolting remains possible on the RTX 4090 but with caveats. While power consumption and thermal outputs can be significantly reduced, there is a noticeable (albeit small) drop in performance. This behavior, coupled with voltage restrictions, makes undervolting less appealing compared to previous generations.
Interestingly, the RTX 4090 already exhibits impressive thermal and noise characteristics out of the box, rendering undervolting somewhat redundant for many users. In typical gaming scenarios, the GPU consumes between 370-390 watts, which is already a reduction from expectations of up to 450 watts.
For those eager to maximize efficiency gains, undervolting can still be considered but with tempered expectations. The RTX 4090's performance under undervolt conditions is not as optimal as its predecessors, and users must weigh the benefits against potential drawbacks.
In conclusion, while undervolting on the RTX 4090 is feasible, it's less impactful than in previous generations, and users should approach this technique with a clear understanding of its limitations.