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### Dealing with Harmonic Infections in Power Grids: A Comprehensive Guide

#### Introduction to Harmonic Issues

In recent years, the increasing prevalence of electronic devices and industrial machinery has introduced a new challenge to power grids worldwide. These devices often produce non-sinusoidal currents, which can disrupt the balance of electrical systems. This disruption, commonly referred to as harmonic infection, has become a significant concern for engineers and energy providers alike. The root cause of this issue lies in the generation of harmonics—distorted current waves that deviate from the standard sinusoidal pattern expected in most power systems.

#### Understanding Harmonic Generation

Harmonics are typically generated by non-linear loads such as inverters, rectifiers, and frequency converters. These devices draw current in a non-sinusoidal manner, creating distortions that propagate through the power grid. The severity of these harmonics can vary depending on the type and quantity of equipment connected to the network.

#### The Impact of Harmonics

The presence of harmonics in a power system can lead to a variety of issues, including overheating of electrical components, malfunctioning of sensitive equipment, and increased energy losses. In extreme cases, harmonic distortion can result in voltage instability or even catastrophic failures of critical infrastructure.

#### Passive Filters: A Basic Approach

One of the earliest methods developed to combat harmonic distortion is the use of passive filters. These devices typically consist of a combination of capacitors and inductors arranged in a specific configuration to form an oscillatory circuit. When tuned to a particular frequency, passive filters can effectively block or reduce harmonics at that frequency.

However, passive filters have several limitations. They are most effective when dealing with stationary harmonic sources and may struggle to address dynamic changes in harmonic levels. Additionally, their physical size and weight can make them impractical for certain applications.

#### Active Filters: A Modern Solution

In response to the shortcomings of passive filters, active filters were developed. Unlike passive filters, active devices use semiconductor technology to generate counteracting harmonics. By analyzing the harmonic content of the incoming current, an active filter can produce a precise waveform that cancels out the unwanted distortions.

Active filters are highly flexible and can adapt to varying harmonic conditions in real-time. This makes them particularly suitable for environments where harmonic sources change frequently or unpredictably. However, their complexity and cost can be limiting factors for smaller-scale applications.

#### Hybrid Filters: A Balanced Approach

To combine the benefits of both passive and active filtering techniques, hybrid filters have emerged as a popular solution. These devices typically use a passive filter to handle the most significant harmonics while employing an active component to address more complex or dynamic harmonic issues.

Hybrid filters offer a balance between cost-effectiveness and performance, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. They are particularly useful in industrial settings where both stationary and variable harmonic sources are present.

#### Case Studies: Harmonic Measurement in Residential and Industrial Settings

To illustrate the practical implications of harmonic distortion, let us consider two case studies:

1. **Residential Building**: When an active harmonic filter was installed in a residential building, it was discovered that harmonics were being generated by a powerful induction cooker. The owner had purchased an appliance with advanced harmonic filtration capabilities, which significantly reduced the impact on the power grid.

2. **Industrial Plant**: During a visit to a manufacturing plant, measurements revealed that harmonics were present even when no equipment was in use. This was traced back to the frequency converters controlling compressors and other machinery. By installing a hybrid filter, the plant was able to reduce harmonic levels significantly, improving overall power quality.

#### The Role of International Standards

Recognizing the importance of addressing harmonic distortion, international bodies have established standards such as GOST 32144-2013. This standard provides guidelines for measuring and limiting harmonic levels at various voltage stages. Compliance with these standards is crucial to ensuring the stability and reliability of power systems.

#### Norway's Unique Electrical System

While most countries rely on traditional grounding methods, Norway has taken a different approach by actively using isolated neutrals in its electrical system. This unconventional setup has both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, it can reduce certain types of electrical interference; on the other hand, it complicates fault detection and poses challenges for maintaining power quality.

#### The Future of Harmonic Management

As digitalization continues to transform the energy sector, new challenges will arise in managing harmonic distortion. Increased reliance on renewable energy sources like solar power and the proliferation of smart grid technologies will necessitate innovative solutions to maintain power quality.

In conclusion, harmonics represent a persistent challenge for electrical systems worldwide. Addressing this issue requires a combination of advanced filtering techniques, adherence to international standards, and proactive measures to mitigate harmonic generation at its source. As technology evolves, so too must our approaches to ensuring the stability and reliability of the power grid.

"WEBVTTKind: captionsLanguage: enin the late sixties,in the late sixties,in the late sixties,new equipment was tested at a secret military plant in the taiganew equipment was tested at a secret military plant in the taiganew equipment was tested at a secret military plant in the taigaand engineers discoveredand engineers discoveredand engineers discoveredsomething previously unknown in the electrical grid asomething previously unknown in the electrical grid asomething previously unknown in the electrical grid avirus appeared as soon as the newvirus appeared as soon as the newvirus appeared as soon as the newequipment for controllingequipment for controllingequipment for controllingcentrifuge engines was turned on, strange things immediately began to happencentrifuge engines was turned on, strange things immediately began to happencentrifuge engines was turned on, strange things immediately began to happencables overheatedcables overheatedcables overheatedengines failed and devicesengines failed and devicesengines failed and devicesrefused to work an unknown diseaserefused to work an unknown diseaserefused to work an unknown diseasebehaved like a computer virus itbehaved like a computer virus itbehaved like a computer virus itpenetrated the electrical grid itpenetrated the electrical grid itpenetrated the electrical grid itwas impossible to detect the engineers of this plantwas impossible to detect the engineers of this plantwas impossible to detect the engineers of this plantcould not find it with any devices andcould not find it with any devices andcould not find it with any devices andonly the coolest scientists who arrived from Moscow wereonly the coolest scientists who arrived from Moscow wereonly the coolest scientists who arrived from Moscow wereable to connect the latestable to connect the latestable to connect the latestoscilloscope and saw on its screen This is theoscilloscope and saw on its screen This is theoscilloscope and saw on its screen This is thecurrent as if it was distorted bycurrent as if it was distorted bycurrent as if it was distorted byinterference and Although computer virusesinterference and Although computer virusesinterference and Although computer virusesappeared only 10 years later this thing wasappeared only 10 years later this thing wasappeared only 10 years later this thing wasalready making all electrical engineers tensealready making all electrical engineers tensealready making all electrical engineers tenseAnd today we have thisAnd today we have thisAnd today we have thisvirus generator in our apartment,virus generator in our apartment,virus generator in our apartment,each of us in the socket this is the charger from youreach of us in the socket this is the charger from youreach of us in the socket this is the charger from yoursmartphone laptop TVsmartphone laptop TVsmartphone laptop TVWhatever they distort the current in the electrical grid andWhatever they distort the current in the electrical grid andWhatever they distort the current in the electrical grid andmake all the equipment workmake all the equipment workmake all the equipment workincorrectly all the formulas can be forgotten andincorrectly all the formulas can be forgotten andincorrectly all the formulas can be forgotten andcrossed out with you Malkov Alexandercrossed out with you Malkov Alexandercrossed out with you Malkov Alexanderenergo Lik bes and we will analyze thisenergo Lik bes and we will analyze thisenergo Lik bes and we will analyze thisterrible virus which is calledterrible virus which is calledterrible virus which is calledharmonics in electrical networks How they ariseharmonics in electrical networks How they ariseharmonics in electrical networks How they ariseWhich are the most terrible how to fight themWhich are the most terrible how to fight themWhich are the most terrible how to fight themand what should we do with all this we look Until theand what should we do with all this we look Until theand what should we do with all this we look Until theend we do not switch let'sgo We all want the voltage ingo We all want the voltage ingo We all want the voltage inour sockets to look like the bestour sockets to look like the bestour sockets to look like the bestsine wave here is this graphsine wave here is this graphsine wave here is this graphsinusoidal voltage and it is made like this bysinusoidal voltage and it is made like this bysinusoidal voltage and it is made like this bygenerators at power plants as wellgenerators at power plants as wellgenerators at power plants as wellas other generators that supplyas other generators that supplyas other generators that supplyour houses apartments And what is thisour houses apartments And what is thisour houses apartments And what is thissine wave And this is just the magnitude andsine wave And this is just the magnitude andsine wave And this is just the magnitude anddirection of the current in time the X axis isdirection of the current in time the X axis isdirection of the current in time the X axis istime the Y axis is the magnitude and directiontime the Y axis is the magnitude and directiontime the Y axis is the magnitude and directionup in one direction down in the otherup in one direction down in the otherup in one direction down in the otherif we apply this alternating sinusoidalif we apply this alternating sinusoidalif we apply this alternating sinusoidalvoltage to somevoltage to somevoltage to someload for example to a light bulb thenload for example to a light bulb thenload for example to a light bulb thenexactly the same alternatingexactly the same alternatingexactly the same alternatingsinusoidal current will flow through it everything is fine nosinusoidal current will flow through it everything is fine nosinusoidal current will flow through it everything is fine noviruses no Teeth no harmonicsviruses no Teeth no harmonicsviruses no Teeth no harmonicseverything is fine and this whole load iseverything is fine and this whole load iseverything is fine and this whole load isheating old shineheating old shineheating old shineincandescent lamps they are called Linearincandescent lamps they are called Linearincandescent lamps they are called Linearload because they have a Linearload because they have a Linearload because they have a Lineardependence of current on voltage as thedependence of current on voltage as thedependence of current on voltage as thevoltage increases the current also increasesvoltage increases the current also increasesvoltage increases the current also increasesas it falls also and the current dropsas it falls also and the current dropsas it falls also and the current dropsBut if we take our charger,But if we take our charger,But if we take our charger,plug it into the network and look atplug it into the network and look atplug it into the network and look atits current with an oscilloscope, we will beits current with an oscilloscope, we will beits current with an oscilloscope, we will beterribly surprised there we will not seeterribly surprised there we will not seeterribly surprised there we will not seeany sine wave but some terribleany sine wave but some terribleany sine wave but some terribleimpulses and these impulses willimpulses and these impulses willimpulses and these impulses willgenerate what will be called thisgenerate what will be called thisgenerate what will be called thiscurved dirty sine wave thiscurved dirty sine wave thiscurved dirty sine wave thispulse current from our power suppliespulse current from our power suppliespulse current from our power suppliesbegins to go through the wires and What is mostbegins to go through the wires and What is mostbegins to go through the wires and What is mostimportant if these wires haveimportant if these wires haveimportant if these wires haveresistance the voltage begins to decreaseresistance the voltage begins to decreaseresistance the voltage begins to decreasealso by impulses not constantlyalso by impulses not constantlyalso by impulses not constantlyduring the entire length of the sine wave but only atduring the entire length of the sine wave but only atduring the entire length of the sine wave but only atcertain moments and this leads to the factcertain moments and this leads to the factcertain moments and this leads to the factthat the voltage also begins tothat the voltage also begins tothat the voltage also begins tochange Not sinusoidal And now itchange Not sinusoidal And now itchange Not sinusoidal And now itbecomes infected with this virus thebecomes infected with this virus thebecomes infected with this virus theharmonic virus multiplies in this way replicatedWell, this is in our home It is clear that absolutely allWell, this is in our home It is clear that absolutely allWell, this is in our home It is clear that absolutely allelectronic devices are sources of theseelectronic devices are sources of theseelectronic devices are sources of theseincomprehensible currents and harmonics Andincomprehensible currents and harmonics Andincomprehensible currents and harmonics Andat enterprises these are powerfulat enterprises these are powerfulat enterprises these are powerfulrectifier unitsrectifier unitsrectifier unitsmotor control frequency convertersmotor control frequency convertersmotor control frequency converterswelding units CNC machines as well aswelding units CNC machines as well aswelding units CNC machines as well aslarge arc steel-smelting furnaces these are thelarge arc steel-smelting furnaces these are thelarge arc steel-smelting furnaces these are thegiants that make steel for thegiants that make steel for thegiants that make steel for thewhole world However we ran verywhole world However we ran verywhole world However we ran veryfar ahead and let's figure out wherefar ahead and let's figure out wherefar ahead and let's figure out wherethey appear on what they are bornthey appear on what they are bornthey appear on what they are bornwhere they are transmitted and how to deal with themwhere they are transmitted and how to deal with themwhere they are transmitted and how to deal with themimmediately we come to the power plant andimmediately we come to the power plant andimmediately we come to the power plant andwhat we see We see a generator thewhat we see We see a generator thewhat we see We see a generator thegenerator is rotating it has a rotor ongenerator is rotating it has a rotor ongenerator is rotating it has a rotor onit a direct current winding and a stator onit a direct current winding and a stator onit a direct current winding and a stator onit a three-phase winding The rotor creates ait a three-phase winding The rotor creates ait a three-phase winding The rotor creates amagnetic field It passes by themagnetic field It passes by themagnetic field It passes by thestator windings and creates an alternating voltage in itstator windings and creates an alternating voltage in itstator windings and creates an alternating voltage in itAnd in the future there will beAnd in the future there will beAnd in the future there will bealternating current but it was not there as italternating current but it was not there as italternating current but it was not there as itturned out this generator does not produce aturned out this generator does not produce aturned out this generator does not produce asine wave at all And the most that not on brickssine wave at all And the most that not on brickssine wave at all And the most that not on bricksits graph is close to rectangularits graph is close to rectangularits graph is close to rectangularpulses and if the engineers did notpulses and if the engineers did notpulses and if the engineers did nottake any specialtake any specialtake any specialactions for example there do not mow theactions for example there do not mow theactions for example there do not mow therotor teeth or there did not distribute the windingrotor teeth or there did not distribute the windingrotor teeth or there did not distribute the windingon the rotor and stator in the correct way thenon the rotor and stator in the correct way thenon the rotor and stator in the correct way thenwe would get these bricks at the outputwe would get these bricks at the outputwe would get these bricks at the outputBut engineers noticed this a long time ago andBut engineers noticed this a long time ago andBut engineers noticed this a long time ago andbegan to design generators sobegan to design generators sobegan to design generators sothat a sine wave is produced now I willthat a sine wave is produced now I willthat a sine wave is produced now I willrun a little ahead and say And how can werun a little ahead and say And how can werun a little ahead and say And how can wegenerally determine that this here is a pichgenerally determine that this here is a pichgenerally determine that this here is a pichgraph of an incorrect sine wave consists ofgraph of an incorrect sine wave consists ofgraph of an incorrect sine wave consists ofsome kind of there harmonics asome kind of there harmonics asome kind of there harmonics aUncle Fourier was to blame for everything, who came up with the idea ofUncle Fourier was to blame for everything, who came up with the idea ofUncle Fourier was to blame for everything, who came up with the idea ofdecomposing any periodic functiondecomposing any periodic functiondecomposing any periodic functioninto sinusoids. You can even take this brick andinto sinusoids. You can even take this brick andinto sinusoids. You can even take this brick anddecompose it and we will get a set of sinusoids. Theredecompose it and we will get a set of sinusoids. Theredecompose it and we will get a set of sinusoids. Therewill be one main dominant one, and then therewill be one main dominant one, and then therewill be one main dominant one, and then therewill be sub-hormones, the so-calledwill be sub-hormones, the so-calledwill be sub-hormones, the so-calledsinusoids of the following order. Anysinusoids of the following order. Anysinusoids of the following order. Anyperiodic function can beperiodic function can beperiodic function can bedecomposed into a Fourier series. And this is the sum of the sine of thedecomposed into a Fourier series. And this is the sum of the sine of thedecomposed into a Fourier series. And this is the sum of the sine of thequantities. So, thequantities. So, thequantities. So, thethird and fifth harmonics prevail in generators. That is, in addition to thethird and fifth harmonics prevail in generators. That is, in addition to thethird and fifth harmonics prevail in generators. That is, in addition to themain frequency of 50 Hz, it also createsmain frequency of 50 Hz, it also createsmain frequency of 50 Hz, it also createsfrequencies of 150 and 250 Hz, and power engineersfrequencies of 150 and 250 Hz, and power engineersfrequencies of 150 and 250 Hz, and power engineershave learned to deal with them at the stage ofhave learned to deal with them at the stage ofhave learned to deal with them at the stage ofcreation. In the future, electric lines are encountered on the path ofcreation. In the future, electric lines are encountered on the path ofcreation. In the future, electric lines are encountered on the path ofelectric current.electric current.electric current.Well, thank God, they areWell, thank God, they areWell, thank God, they aremore or less linear elements. You canmore or less linear elements. You canmore or less linear elements. You cansay that they have inductance and capacitance. Butsay that they have inductance and capacitance. Butsay that they have inductance and capacitance. Butat least a linear dependence ofat least a linear dependence ofat least a linear dependence ofcurrent on voltage. But then suddenly, a transformer appears on the path.current on voltage. But then suddenly, a transformer appears on the path.current on voltage. But then suddenly, a transformer appears on the path.And this guyAnd this guyAnd this guyalready has a magnetic circuit inside, and thealready has a magnetic circuit inside, and thealready has a magnetic circuit inside, and themagnetic circuit has a magnetization curve,magnetic circuit has a magnetization curve,magnetic circuit has a magnetization curve,hysteresis. Look, it is completelyhysteresis. Look, it is completelyhysteresis. Look, it is completelyuneven, nonlinear, and here, in thisuneven, nonlinear, and here, in thisuneven, nonlinear, and here, in thistransformer, nonlineartransformer, nonlineartransformer, nonlineardistortion occurs. That is, voltage is supplied. A thedistortion occurs. That is, voltage is supplied. A thedistortion occurs. That is, voltage is supplied. A thecurrent becomes non-sinusoidal and thecurrent becomes non-sinusoidal and thecurrent becomes non-sinusoidal and thetransformer can also createtransformer can also createtransformer can also createcertain harmonics and can alsocertain harmonics and can alsocertain harmonics and can alsodamp them depending on the connection schemedamp them depending on the connection schemedamp them depending on the connection schemeand the most trick is - This is a lightly loadedand the most trick is - This is a lightly loadedand the most trick is - This is a lightly loadedtransformer. That is why they fight againsttransformer. That is why they fight againsttransformer. That is why they fight againstunderloading of transformers. The transformerunderloading of transformers. The transformerunderloading of transformers. The transformermust be loaded optimally.must be loaded optimally.must be loaded optimally.Unloaded transformers operate inUnloaded transformers operate inUnloaded transformers operate insaturation mode and then they aresaturation mode and then they aresaturation mode and then they aregenerators of odd harmonics. Thegenerators of odd harmonics. Thegenerators of odd harmonics. Thethird harmonic is always absent in thethird harmonic is always absent in thethird harmonic is always absent in theline voltage, but it happens in thephase voltage. But engineers fight thesephase voltage. But engineers fight thesephase voltage. But engineers fight theseharmonics that are generated by theharmonics that are generated by theharmonics that are generated by theelectrical network itself both in generators and inelectrical network itself both in generators and inelectrical network itself both in generators and intransformers by connecting their windings in atransformers by connecting their windings in atransformers by connecting their windings in aspecial way, for example, a Zigzag star. Andspecial way, for example, a Zigzag star. Andspecial way, for example, a Zigzag star. Andthe biggest boom in harmonics began when they began tothe biggest boom in harmonics began when they began tothe biggest boom in harmonics began when they began touse semiconductors in the lateuse semiconductors in the lateuse semiconductors in the latesixties and early seventies.sixties and early seventies.sixties and early seventies.Transistors, power valves, powerTransistors, power valves, powerTransistors, power valves, powerthyristors. Look, they consume current in athyristors. Look, they consume current in athyristors. Look, they consume current in acompletely different way than the voltage supplied to them. Thecompletely different way than the voltage supplied to them. Thecompletely different way than the voltage supplied to them. Thevoltage is suitable for sinusoidal and the current isvoltage is suitable for sinusoidal and the current isvoltage is suitable for sinusoidal and the current isconsumed in pulses and this pulseconsumed in pulses and this pulseconsumed in pulses and this pulseis how Uncle Fue bequeathed. You canis how Uncle Fue bequeathed. You canis how Uncle Fue bequeathed. You candecompose it into a bunch of components. One ofdecompose it into a bunch of components. One ofdecompose it into a bunch of components. One ofthem will be the main one, the prevailing 50 Hz, and thethem will be the main one, the prevailing 50 Hz, and thethem will be the main one, the prevailing 50 Hz, and therest will also be very largerest will also be very largerest will also be very largevalue and now they are already starting to walkvalue and now they are already starting to walkvalue and now they are already starting to walkaround the network to add up you are considered toaround the network to add up you are considered toaround the network to add up you are considered totransform and also to createtransform and also to createtransform and also to createsuch unnecessary phenomena as overheating ofsuch unnecessary phenomena as overheating ofsuch unnecessary phenomena as overheating ofmotor cables, braking of motors,motor cables, braking of motors,motor cables, braking of motors,equipment failures, decreasedequipment failures, decreasedequipment failures, decreasedmeasurement accuracy, as well as from yourmeasurement accuracy, as well as from yourmeasurement accuracy, as well as from yourneutral conductors because theneutral conductors because theneutral conductors because thecurrents stop adding up in the neutral conductorcurrents stop adding up in the neutral conductorcurrents stop adding up in the neutral conductoraccording to the law of a three-phase system becauseaccording to the law of a three-phase system becauseaccording to the law of a three-phase system becausethey are not sinusoidal. This is the mostthey are not sinusoidal. This is the mostthey are not sinusoidal. This is the mostimportant thing, and if each phase at theimportant thing, and if each phase at theimportant thing, and if each phase at theenterprise is not sinusoidal in a different way,enterprise is not sinusoidal in a different way,enterprise is not sinusoidal in a different way,then there can be no talk at all aboutthen there can be no talk at all aboutthen there can be no talk at all aboutadding up three phases in the neutral conductor toadding up three phases in the neutral conductor toadding up three phases in the neutral conductor tozero because there can be a currentzero because there can be a currentzero because there can be a currenteven three times greater than in phaseeven three times greater than in phaseeven three times greater than in phaseconductors in networks where there are harmonics.conductors in networks where there are harmonics.conductors in networks where there are harmonics.There is one more additional insidiousness, theThere is one more additional insidiousness, theThere is one more additional insidiousness, thedevices consume current in pulses and if adevices consume current in pulses and if adevices consume current in pulses and if aleak to earth occurs,leak to earth occurs,leak to earth occurs,only an RCD will save you. Type A look at thisonly an RCD will save you. Type A look at thisonly an RCD will save you. Type A look at thisicon. This is an icon that indicates the type oficon. This is an icon that indicates the type oficon. This is an icon that indicates the type ofRCD. It responds to alternating andRCD. It responds to alternating andRCD. It responds to alternating andpulsating current, and where there arepulsating current, and where there arepulsating current, and where there areharmonics, it means there are pulsating currents, and theharmonics, it means there are pulsating currents, and theharmonics, it means there are pulsating currents, and themost useful thing you can domost useful thing you can domost useful thing you can dois install your own shield. Such RCDs andis install your own shield. Such RCDs andis install your own shield. Such RCDs anddifferential circuit breakers can be used with this useful bedifferential circuit breakers can be used with this useful bedifferential circuit breakers can be used with this useful beand pleasant if you will be in a certainand pleasant if you will be in a certainand pleasant if you will be in a certainperiod of time which on the screen toperiod of time which on the screen toperiod of time which on the screen tobuy promotional equipment ik andbuy promotional equipment ik andbuy promotional equipment ik andparticipate in the program and proi then youparticipate in the program and proi then youparticipate in the program and proi then youhave a chance to win a trip to Baikal in thehave a chance to win a trip to Baikal in thehave a chance to win a trip to Baikal in thefirst quarter of twenty-fifth year will gofirst quarter of twenty-fifth year will gofirst quarter of twenty-fifth year will gonot one person but as many as 15 will see thenot one person but as many as 15 will see thenot one person but as many as 15 will see theconditions we buy promotional equipment ofconditions we buy promotional equipment ofconditions we buy promotional equipment ofthree series this is Art Karat plasticthree series this is Art Karat plasticthree series this is Art Karat plasticcases Crypto 5 Union and Prime in the amount ofcases Crypto 5 Union and Prime in the amount ofcases Crypto 5 Union and Prime in the amount of25,000 rubles checks register on the25,000 rubles checks register on the25,000 rubles checks register on thebusiness platform passes verification andbusiness platform passes verification andbusiness platform passes verification andthen you need to collect points participating in thethen you need to collect points participating in thethen you need to collect points participating in theprogram proi photos of completedprogram proi photos of completedprogram proi photos of completedprojects with promotional productsprojects with promotional productsprojects with promotional productswe post photos in any social networkswe post photos in any social networkswe post photos in any social networkswith hashtags get more pointswith hashtags get more pointswith hashtags get more pointsexchange points for tickets in theexchange points for tickets in theexchange points for tickets in thegift showcase and participate in the drawing of vouchersgift showcase and participate in the drawing of vouchersgift showcase and participate in the drawing of vouchersto Baikal in the first quarter of the twenty-to Baikal in the first quarter of the twenty-to Baikal in the first quarter of the twenty-fifth year will go there 15 people fivefifth year will go there 15 people fivefifth year will go there 15 people fivepeople participants in the drawing five whopeople participants in the drawing five whopeople participants in the drawing five whoscored the maximum number of pointsscored the maximum number of pointsscored the maximum number of pointsAnd five who purchased during this periodAnd five who purchased during this periodAnd five who purchased during this periodthe largest number of products under the promotionthe largest number of products under the promotionthe largest number of products under the promotionmodular equipment Karat seriesmodular equipment Karat seriesmodular equipment Karat serieswhich is used both in housing andwhich is used both in housing andwhich is used both in housing andmunicipal construction has amunicipal construction has amunicipal construction has awide range of all sorts of devices in thewide range of all sorts of devices in thewide range of all sorts of devices in theList this series has RCD circuit breakers,List this series has RCD circuit breakers,List this series has RCD circuit breakers,various relays and timers willvarious relays and timers willvarious relays and timers willeasily cover the needs of youreasily cover the needs of youreasily cover the needs of yourelectrical panel in automation, modularelectrical panel in automation, modularelectrical panel in automation, modularequipment armat is reliable, you hold it right in yourequipment armat is reliable, you hold it right in yourequipment armat is reliable, you hold it right in yourhands like a piece of granite. Here youhands like a piece of granite. Here youhands like a piece of granite. Here youcan feel its strength and power. Yes, this is acan feel its strength and power. Yes, this is acan feel its strength and power. Yes, this is ahigher price category. But pleasehigher price category. But pleasehigher price category. But pleasenote that all modularnote that all modularnote that all modularequipment has an optimalequipment has an optimalequipment has an optimalprice-quality ratio. The armat series includesprice-quality ratio. The armat series includesprice-quality ratio. The armat series includesRCD circuit breakers, differential circuit breakers, andRCD circuit breakers, differential circuit breakers, andRCD circuit breakers, differential circuit breakers, andadditional equipment. Plasticadditional equipment. Plasticadditional equipment. Plasticcases Prime in residential, commercial,cases Prime in residential, commercial,cases Prime in residential, commercial,public, any buildings. The cover ispublic, any buildings. The cover ispublic, any buildings. The cover istransparent and white. The lock is very convenient.transparent and white. The lock is very convenient.transparent and white. The lock is very convenient.Press, open, close. Inside, everything youPress, open, close. Inside, everything youPress, open, close. Inside, everything youneed to mount your panelneed to mount your panelneed to mount your panelcan be wall-mounted, built-in, from Czech tocan be wall-mounted, built-in, from Czech tocan be wall-mounted, built-in, from Czech to36 modules. The design of the Prime series case36 modules. The design of the Prime series case36 modules. The design of the Prime series caseensures simple and quickensures simple and quickensures simple and quickassembly of electricity meters. Installation andassembly of electricity meters. Installation andassembly of electricity meters. Installation andfurther use of plasticfurther use of plasticfurther use of plasticcases. 5 Union is extremely convenient.cases. 5 Union is extremely convenient.cases. 5 Union is extremely convenient.Watch the video about harmonicsWatch the video about harmonicsWatch the video about harmonicsfurther. Well, at the factories they learned to deal with them, theyfurther. Well, at the factories they learned to deal with them, theyfurther. Well, at the factories they learned to deal with them, theybegan to connect the simplestbegan to connect the simplestbegan to connect the simplestfilters, the so-called passivefilters, the so-called passivefilters, the so-called passiveharmonic filters. Although I will tell you about the filtersharmonic filters. Although I will tell you about the filtersharmonic filters. Although I will tell you about the filterscloser to the end of the video, but the simplestcloser to the end of the video, but the simplestcloser to the end of the video, but the simplestfilter is a capacitor, a coil, andfilter is a capacitor, a coil, andfilter is a capacitor, a coil, andperhaps also a resistor, an lcr filter.perhaps also a resistor, an lcr filter.perhaps also a resistor, an lcr filter.adjusts in such a way that itsadjusts in such a way that itsadjusts in such a way that itsresonant frequency is equal to the frequency of theresonant frequency is equal to the frequency of theresonant frequency is equal to the frequency of theharmonic and then the harmonic goes suchharmonic and then the harmonic goes suchharmonic and then the harmonic goes suchalong the network at a meeting once either the network or aalong the network at a meeting once either the network or aalong the network at a meeting once either the network or afilter with very low resistance and itfilter with very low resistance and itfilter with very low resistance and itof course into it and that's it the network is alreadyof course into it and that's it the network is alreadyof course into it and that's it the network is alreadyfreed from the harmonic it leaves thefreed from the harmonic it leaves thefreed from the harmonic it leaves thefilter dissipates on the activefilter dissipates on the activefilter dissipates on the activeresistance of this filter orresistance of this filter orresistance of this filter orstarts through the ground and bypasses thestarts through the ground and bypasses thestarts through the ground and bypasses thepower grid passes through the ground Well, at thepower grid passes through the ground Well, at thepower grid passes through the ground Well, at thefactories, you can say they learned to deal with them,factories, you can say they learned to deal with them,factories, you can say they learned to deal with them,but gradually Electronicsbut gradually Electronicsbut gradually Electronicscame to our homes Have you noticed thatcame to our homes Have you noticed thatcame to our homes Have you noticed thatsomewhere at the beginning of the dsya, TVs with transformer power supplies began to disappear,somewhere at the beginning of the dsya, TVs with transformer power supplies began to disappear,even smartphone chargers witheven smartphone chargers witheven smartphone chargers withtransformer power supplies suchtransformer power supplies suchtransformer power supplies suchlarge ones, remember the ball, disappeared, andlarge ones, remember the ball, disappeared, andlarge ones, remember the ball, disappeared, andinstead these small ones appeared that areinstead these small ones appeared that areinstead these small ones appeared that areplugged intowall-mounted power supplies, they became everywherewall-mounted power supplies, they became everywherewall-mounted power supplies, they became everywherein laptops, in tablet chargers,in laptops, in tablet chargers,in laptops, in tablet chargers,phones, everywhere and now they began tophones, everywhere and now they began tophones, everywhere and now they began togenerate harmonics en masse in houses in apartments,generate harmonics en masse in houses in apartments,generate harmonics en masse in houses in apartments,these harmonics in the evening exceed the level ofthese harmonics in the evening exceed the level ofthese harmonics in the evening exceed the level ofharmonics of enterprises, that is, ourharmonics of enterprises, that is, ourharmonics of enterprises, that is, ourapartments generate dirty currents in the network, theyapartments generate dirty currents in the network, theyapartments generate dirty currents in the network, theyforce the voltage to change, and alsoforce the voltage to change, and alsoforce the voltage to change, and alsobecome non-sinusoidal, andbecome non-sinusoidal, andbecome non-sinusoidal, andeverything around is infected with this infection in Europe they haveeverything around is infected with this infection in Europe they haveeverything around is infected with this infection in Europe they havealready even thought about it and are starting toalready even thought about it and are starting toalready even thought about it and are starting tochange the regulatory framework in order to fightchange the regulatory framework in order to fightchange the regulatory framework in order to fightat the level of residential areas of houses to introduceat the level of residential areas of houses to introduceat the level of residential areas of houses to introducesome kind of filter compensatingsome kind of filter compensatingsome kind of filter compensatingdevices we have not even even thought about it yetdevices we have not even even thought about it yetdevices we have not even even thought about it yetI connected my device at homeI connected my device at homeI connected my device at homeand I intended that I also have harmonicsand I intended that I also have harmonicsand I intended that I also have harmonicsbecause mainly computers were turned onbecause mainly computers were turned onbecause mainly computers were turned oncharging smartphones somecharging smartphones somecharging smartphones somedevices that are powered by precisely fromdevices that are powered by precisely fromdevices that are powered by precisely frompulse power supplies third fifth seventh eleventh thirteenth twentypulse power supplies third fifth seventh eleventh thirteenth twentythird twenty Firstthird twenty Firstthird twenty Firstharmonics are our native homeharmonics are our native homeharmonics are our native homeextra dirty frequencies sometimes backs into theextra dirty frequencies sometimes backs into theextra dirty frequencies sometimes backs into thenetwork harmonics even second fourthnetwork harmonics even second fourthnetwork harmonics even second fourthsixth But these are rare Guests these are usuallysixth But these are rare Guests these are usuallysixth But these are rare Guests these are usuallythey arise during transient processes inthey arise during transient processes inthey arise during transient processes inelectrical networks some switching on largeelectrical networks some switching on largeelectrical networks some switching on largeloads briefly appear andloads briefly appear andloads briefly appear anddisappear or when turning ondisappear or when turning ondisappear or when turning ona certain type ofequipment and the most important indicatorequipment and the most important indicatorequipment and the most important indicatortxd Total gonic distortion total level oftxd Total gonic distortion total level oftxd Total gonic distortion total level ofharmonic distortion it is calculatedharmonic distortion it is calculatedharmonic distortion it is calculatedas the square root of the sum of the squares ofas the square root of the sum of the squares ofas the square root of the sum of the squares ofall in harmonics voltage to the voltage of theall in harmonics voltage to the voltage of theall in harmonics voltage to the voltage of thefundamental frequency the closer thisfundamental frequency the closer thisfundamental frequency the closer thiscoefficient to zero the better Our network iscoefficient to zero the better Our network iscoefficient to zero the better Our network isrecognized at the international level levelrecognized at the international level levelrecognized at the international level levelharmonics in low-voltage networks in ourharmonics in low-voltage networks in ourharmonics in low-voltage networks in our8% So We have learned to determine the8% So We have learned to determine the8% So We have learned to determine thecoefficient of these nonlinear distortions Andcoefficient of these nonlinear distortions Andcoefficient of these nonlinear distortions Andthis whole phenomenon radically changes the approaches tothis whole phenomenon radically changes the approaches tothis whole phenomenon radically changes the approaches toelectrical engineering Look at the cosine phielectrical engineering Look at the cosine phielectrical engineering Look at the cosine phiknown to everyone from childhood this is the ratio ofknown to everyone from childhood this is the ratio ofknown to everyone from childhood this is the ratio ofactive power to total But as soon asactive power to total But as soon asactive power to total But as soon asharmonics appear it completely changes theharmonics appear it completely changes theharmonics appear it completely changes themeaning it is simply called the power factor and the power factor thatmeaning it is simply called the power factor and the power factor thattakes into account both the cosine phi of the harmonics istakes into account both the cosine phi of the harmonics istakes into account both the cosine phi of the harmonics iscalled the por factor look this is thecalled the por factor look this is thecalled the por factor look this is thecosine phi multiplied by 1 de by the rootcosine phi multiplied by 1 de by the rootcosine phi multiplied by 1 de by the rootk 1 plus the harmonic coefficient of the fluxk 1 plus the harmonic coefficient of the fluxk 1 plus the harmonic coefficient of the fluxsquared this is just a comprehensive assessment of both thesquared this is just a comprehensive assessment of both thesquared this is just a comprehensive assessment of both thephase shift and harmonics and in general andphase shift and harmonics and in general andphase shift and harmonics and in general andin general our electronic devices canin general our electronic devices canin general our electronic devices cancalculate the power factor For anycalculate the power factor For anycalculate the power factor For anynetwork because there is anetwork because there is anetwork because there is amicroprocessor inside they can performmicroprocessor inside they can performmicroprocessor inside they can performintegration and thisintegration and thisintegration and thissophisticated formula that cansophisticated formula that cansophisticated formula that cannever be calculated manually is considered by ournever be calculated manually is considered by ournever be calculated manually is considered by ourprecision devices for example such as Iprecision devices for example such as Iprecision devices for example such as Ihold in my hands these are power quality analyzershold in my hands these are power quality analyzershold in my hands these are power quality analyzerscost about the same as yourcost about the same as yourcost about the same as yourVolkswagen Golf butVolkswagen Golf butVolkswagen Golf butonly such a brain can calculate such quantities with integralsonly such a brain can calculate such quantities with integralsonly such a brain can calculate such quantities with integralsthat is why it is expensive andthat is why it is expensive andthat is why it is expensive andeven theeven theeven theconstruction of vector diagrams for calculatingconstruction of vector diagrams for calculatingconstruction of vector diagrams for calculatingcomplex formulas for harmonic coefficients ofcomplex formulas for harmonic coefficients ofcomplex formulas for harmonic coefficients ofpairs are sewn inside this device factors for all three phases and allpairs are sewn inside this device factors for all three phases and allpairs are sewn inside this device factors for all three phases and allthese are quality analyzers Here are somethese are quality analyzers Here are somethese are quality analyzers Here are somedevices that can detect, determine anddevices that can detect, determine anddevices that can detect, determine andshow harmonics and today in the videoshow harmonics and today in the videoshow harmonics and today in the videoI will show how I measureI will show how I measureI will show how I measureharmonics in a residential building and at an enterprise with this deviceharmonics in a residential building and at an enterprise with this deviceharmonics in a residential building and at an enterprise with this deviceSo the most interesting measurements will be aheadall these formulas that Iall these formulas that Iall these formulas that Italked about the distortion factor and thetalked about the distortion factor and thetalked about the distortion factor and thepower factor taking into account harmonicspower factor taking into account harmonicspower factor taking into account harmonicsthey radically change the attitude to ourthey radically change the attitude to ourthey radically change the attitude to ourpower triangle where we are accustomed to the fact that this is thepower triangle where we are accustomed to the fact that this is thepower triangle where we are accustomed to the fact that this is theactive leg, theactive leg, theactive leg, thereactive leg, the hypotenuse, the total power, thereactive leg, the hypotenuse, the total power, thereactive leg, the hypotenuse, the total power, thecosine, the phi - this is the coefficientcosine, the phi - this is the coefficientcosine, the phi - this is the coefficientthat shows how much of the totalthat shows how much of the totalthat shows how much of the totalpower is active And whenpower is active And whenpower is active And whenharmonics interfere, the distortion power appears in theharmonics interfere, the distortion power appears in theharmonics interfere, the distortion power appears in thethirdthirdthirddimension we take thedimension we take thedimension we take thevector and put it along the Z axis wevector and put it along the Z axis wevector and put it along the Z axis weget a parallelogram and the diagonal ofget a parallelogram and the diagonal ofget a parallelogram and the diagonal ofthis parallelogram is our totalthis parallelogram is our totalthis parallelogram is our totalpowerpowerpowerEuropean countries have already switched to this method of theEuropean countries have already switched to this method of theEuropean countries have already switched to this method of theparallelogram of powers becauseparallelogram of powers becauseparallelogram of powers becausenow we are surrounded by non-now we are surrounded by non-now we are surrounded by non-sinusoidal currents due to electronics andsinusoidal currents due to electronics andsinusoidal currents due to electronics andnow we are smoothly moving on to the topic of How tonow we are smoothly moving on to the topic of How tonow we are smoothly moving on to the topic of How todeal with this viral infection that isdeal with this viral infection that isdeal with this viral infection that iscreated at enterprises in power gridscreated at enterprises in power gridscreated at enterprises in power gridsBut the most important thing now is in our homesBut the most important thing now is in our homesBut the most important thing now is in our homesLook at this graph you can seeLook at this graph you can seeLook at this graph you can seein the evening when the enterprise is already silent thein the evening when the enterprise is already silent thein the evening when the enterprise is already silent thelevel of harmonics in the network grows Thislevel of harmonics in the network grows Thislevel of harmonics in the network grows Thismeans that we at home apartmentsmeans that we at home apartmentsmeans that we at home apartmentsare harmonic generators and if forare harmonic generators and if forare harmonic generators and if fornow they have not yet introduced a fee for harmonics into our tariffnow they have not yet introduced a fee for harmonics into our tariffnow they have not yet introduced a fee for harmonics into our tariffthen the hour is not long when wethen the hour is not long when wethen the hour is not long when weexceed some limit of patience of theexceed some limit of patience of theexceed some limit of patience of thepower grid namely the Engineering limit ofpower grid namely the Engineering limit ofpower grid namely the Engineering limit ofpatience a fee can be introduced forpatience a fee can be introduced forpatience a fee can be introduced forenterprises and then perhaps forenterprises and then perhaps forenterprises and then perhaps forhouseholds and we willhouseholds and we willhouseholds and we willbuy filters en masse Well, this is such a distantbuy filters en masse Well, this is such a distantbuy filters en masse Well, this is such a distantfuture In the meantime, let's return to our sinfulfuture In the meantime, let's return to our sinfulfuture In the meantime, let's return to our sinfulenergy forestenergy forestenergy forestEarth how to fight this infection twoEarth how to fight this infection twoEarth how to fight this infection twotypes of filters passive which I alreadytypes of filters passive which I alreadytypes of filters passive which I alreadymentioned at the beginning and active passivementioned at the beginning and active passivementioned at the beginning and active passivefilters are a capacitor and a coil Youfilters are a capacitor and a coil Youfilters are a capacitor and a coil Youremember they together form anremember they together form anremember they together form anoscillatory circuit if they are connected inoscillatory circuit if they are connected inoscillatory circuit if they are connected inseries and tuned to aseries and tuned to aseries and tuned to acertain frequency according to this formulacertain frequency according to this formulacertain frequency according to this formulaselect the capacitance and inductance and we willselect the capacitance and inductance and we willselect the capacitance and inductance and we willget the resonant frequency andget the resonant frequency andget the resonant frequency andtune it we calculate According to thetune it we calculate According to thetune it we calculate According to thereadings on the harmonic frequency for thisreadings on the harmonic frequency for thisreadings on the harmonic frequency for thisharmonic the filter will be the simplestharmonic the filter will be the simplestharmonic the filter will be the simplestdirect way in which we need to go anddirect way in which we need to go anddirect way in which we need to go andwhen we put this filter on the path of thewhen we put this filter on the path of thewhen we put this filter on the path of theharmonic current goes goes goes goes withharmonic current goes goes goes goes withharmonic current goes goes goes goes withdifferent frequencies goes and here once the filterdifferent frequencies goes and here once the filterdifferent frequencies goes and here once the filterand harmonicstaps and so we clean our current fromtaps and so we clean our current fromtaps and so we clean our current fromthese harmonics but passive filteringthese harmonics but passive filteringthese harmonics but passive filteringhas disadvantages if this is some kind ofhas disadvantages if this is some kind ofhas disadvantages if this is some kind ofconfigured production where theconfigured production where theconfigured production where thesame harmonics are constantly generated thensame harmonics are constantly generated thensame harmonics are constantly generated thenpassive filters are a good way outpassive filters are a good way outpassive filters are a good way outIf you have everything constantlyIf you have everything constantlyIf you have everything constantlychanging dynamically as for example in a residential complexchanging dynamically as for example in a residential complexchanging dynamically as for example in a residential complexor in a large house or at a complexor in a large house or at a complexor in a large house or at a complexenterprise Where at a certain point inenterprise Where at a certain point inenterprise Where at a certain point intime some harmonics appear at atime some harmonics appear at atime some harmonics appear at asecond moment in time others and heresecond moment in time others and heresecond moment in time others and hereonly activefilters can come to the rescue an active filter is afilters can come to the rescue an active filter is afilters can come to the rescue an active filter is acomplex semiconductorcomplex semiconductorcomplex semiconductordevice that generates harmonicsdevice that generates harmonicsdevice that generates harmonicsonly with a different phase That is, if thereonly with a different phase That is, if thereonly with a different phase That is, if thereis a third Fifth harmonic in the network itis a third Fifth harmonic in the network itis a third Fifth harmonic in the network itanalyzes them as a quality control deviceanalyzes them as a quality control deviceanalyzes them as a quality control devicecalculates and creates the samecalculates and creates the samecalculates and creates the sameharmonics only in antiphase and gives theharmonics only in antiphase and gives theharmonics only in antiphase and gives thenetwork harmonic currents oppositenetwork harmonic currents oppositenetwork harmonic currents oppositemeeting these currents mutually compensatemeeting these currents mutually compensatemeeting these currents mutually compensateeach other and this happens ineach other and this happens ineach other and this happens inreal time it tracks at whatreal time it tracks at whatreal time it tracks at whatpoint in time Which harmonic crawled out there arepoint in time Which harmonic crawled out there arepoint in time Which harmonic crawled out there arefilters such crazy moneyfilters such crazy moneyfilters such crazy moneytherefore hybrid filters appearedtherefore hybrid filters appearedtherefore hybrid filters appearedwhich combine both passive andwhich combine both passive andwhich combine both passive andactive the main heavy workactive the main heavy workactive the main heavy workis done by the passive filter pumpsis done by the passive filter pumpsis done by the passive filter pumpsthrough itself a large power and strangles thethrough itself a large power and strangles thethrough itself a large power and strangles themain most powerful harmonics that ismain most powerful harmonics that ismain most powerful harmonics that isinitially for the needs of each enterprise theinitially for the needs of each enterprise theinitially for the needs of each enterprise thefilter is adjusted sharpened and is etsya Andfilter is adjusted sharpened and is etsya Andfilter is adjusted sharpened and is etsya Andalready the active component of the hybridalready the active component of the hybridalready the active component of the hybridfilter dodu so to speak on top of what isfilter dodu so to speak on top of what isfilter dodu so to speak on top of what isnot dodu passive filter Here these arenot dodu passive filter Here these arenot dodu passive filter Here these arehybrid they can be said A goodhybrid they can be said A goodhybrid they can be said A goodcombination for powerful industries with acombination for powerful industries with acombination for powerful industries with amore or less constant level ofmore or less constant level ofmore or less constant level ofcertain harmonics and also for all kinds ofcertain harmonics and also for all kinds ofcertain harmonics and also for all kinds ofhouses too because if we generate harmonics for all ourhouses too because if we generate harmonics for all ourhouses too because if we generate harmonics for all ourapartment buildings itapartment buildings itapartment buildings itseems that everything isseems that everything isseems that everything isfine in our apartment we do not have a motor powerful busesfine in our apartment we do not have a motor powerful busesfine in our apartment we do not have a motor powerful buseszero Three-phase conductors there is nothing tozero Three-phase conductors there is nothing tozero Three-phase conductors there is nothing toburn With us But we do badlyburn With us But we do badlyburn With us But we do badlyelectrical equipment of the house theelectrical equipment of the house theelectrical equipment of the house theengines will overheat andengines will overheat andengines will overheat andfail our elevators pumps in theheating unit equipping your house withheating unit equipping your house withheating unit equipping your house withyour own harmonic will burn constantlyyour own harmonic will burn constantlyyour own harmonic will burn constantlyzero will be a local electrician will not understandzero will be a local electrician will not understandzero will be a local electrician will not understandwhat is happening when to connect the clamps andwhat is happening when to connect the clamps andwhat is happening when to connect the clamps andwhy at it on phases by 5 A and in thewhy at it on phases by 5 A and in thewhy at it on phases by 5 A and in theneutral conductor 25 it's all harmonicsneutral conductor 25 it's all harmonicsneutral conductor 25 it's all harmonicsI did not find filters harmonics for houses theI did not find filters harmonics for houses theI did not find filters harmonics for houses theonly filters are builtonly filters are builtonly filters are builtdirectly into your equipment and whatdirectly into your equipment and whatdirectly into your equipment and whatI urge when buying powerful equipment toI urge when buying powerful equipment toI urge when buying powerful equipment tostudy if in the composition of this equipment astudy if in the composition of this equipment astudy if in the composition of this equipment afilterfilterfilterharmonics and the most basic standard forharmonics and the most basic standard forharmonics and the most basic standard forall this evil spirits not sinusoidalall this evil spirits not sinusoidalall this evil spirits not sinusoidalis the interstate standardis the interstate standardis the interstate standardGOST 32144 2013 which is ratified byGOST 32144 2013 which is ratified byGOST 32144 2013 which is ratified bymany countries that are watching memany countries that are watching memany countries that are watching meBelarus Armenia Russia Uzbekistan andBelarus Armenia Russia Uzbekistan andBelarus Armenia Russia Uzbekistan andThere is in the list item 424 of this standardThere is in the list item 424 of this standardThere is in the list item 424 of this standardjust about not sinusoidal about thesejust about not sinusoidal about thesejust about not sinusoidal about theseharmonics about what levels shouldharmonics about what levels shouldharmonics about what levels shouldbe at each voltage but at allbe at each voltage but at allbe at each voltage but at allvoltage levels the level ofvoltage levels the level ofvoltage levels the level ofharmonics is standardized they are measured very cleverly notharmonics is standardized they are measured very cleverly notharmonics is standardized they are measured very cleverly notso that I stuck in the device measured everythingso that I stuck in the device measured everythingso that I stuck in the device measured everythingshowed 8% no the measurement is madeshowed 8% no the measurement is madeshowed 8% no the measurement is madeover a certain period of time and theover a certain period of time and theover a certain period of time and thelevel of harmonics should not be higher forlevel of harmonics should not be higher forlevel of harmonics should not be higher forexample duringexample duringexample during95% of this period in the standard95% of this period in the standard95% of this period in the standardeverything is laid out on the shelves I will leave a linkeverything is laid out on the shelves I will leave a linkeverything is laid out on the shelves I will leave a linkas usual will be in Telegram a link is uploadedas usual will be in Telegram a link is uploadedas usual will be in Telegram a link is uploadedto Telegram you constantly see on myto Telegram you constantly see on myto Telegram you constantly see on mychannel During this videochannel During this videochannel During this videot.me operby this is my Telegram we fly int.me operby this is my Telegram we fly int.me operby this is my Telegram we fly inwatch by the way guys my videos are nowwatch by the way guys my videos are nowwatch by the way guys my videos are nowalso uploaded to VK video for those whoalso uploaded to VK video for those whoalso uploaded to VK video for those whostill haven't learned how to use a pin youstill haven't learned how to use a pin youstill haven't learned how to use a pin youcan go watch there those whocan go watch there those whocan go watch there those whoknow how to use a pin watch onknow how to use a pin watch onknow how to use a pin watch onYouTube always Who wants to watch here who elseYouTube always Who wants to watch here who elseYouTube always Who wants to watch here who elsewants to watch somewhere gowants to watch somewhere gowants to watch somewhere gowatch raise me and therewatch raise me and therewatch raise me and thereassets I won't mind I'm always gladassets I won't mind I'm always gladassets I won't mind I'm always gladWhen you help energolesby the way to coincide with this video Iby the way to coincide with this video Iby the way to coincide with this video Ibought this quality analyzerbought this quality analyzerbought this quality analyzerthanks to your help including onthanks to your help including onthanks to your help including onmy donor on the boost platform asmy donor on the boost platform asmy donor on the boost platform asusual will be in the description subscribe tousual will be in the description subscribe tousual will be in the description subscribe toboost and guys on boost I haveboost and guys on boost I haveboost and guys on boost I haveexclusive content where I shoot andexclusive content where I shoot andexclusive content where I shoot andpost my mistakes For example in thepost my mistakes For example in thepost my mistakes For example in thevideo somewhere I made a joke I cut it out but onvideo somewhere I made a joke I cut it out but onvideo somewhere I made a joke I cut it out but onboost I showed you and not just showingboost I showed you and not just showingboost I showed you and not just showingmy mistakes is good because you will bettermy mistakes is good because you will bettermy mistakes is good because you will betterremember my mistakes and will not make yoursremember my mistakes and will not make yoursremember my mistakes and will not make yoursso on boost guys here is theso on boost guys here is theso on boost guys here is thelink written it is in thedescription everything is very simple there will bedescription everything is very simple there will bedescription everything is very simple there will bedifferent devices extended version shorsdifferent devices extended version shorsdifferent devices extended version shorscome out and other interesting things on the usedcome out and other interesting things on the usedcome out and other interesting things on the useddevice, then I showed And nowdevice, then I showed And nowdevice, then I showed And nowmeasure in a residential building and at the enterprisemeasure in a residential building and at the enterprisemeasure in a residential building and at the enterprisemeasure a powerful 6.5 kW induction cookermeasure a powerful 6.5 kW induction cookermeasure a powerful 6.5 kW induction cookerwhen we connected my device to awhen we connected my device to awhen we connected my device to aresidential building and then the owners of the houseresidential building and then the owners of the houseresidential building and then the owners of the houseturned on the induction cooker, itturned on the induction cooker, itturned on the induction cooker, itturned out that harmonics were dreamedturned out that harmonics were dreamedturned out that harmonics were dreamedbecause this induction cooker has abecause this induction cooker has abecause this induction cooker has apowerful active harmonic filtration device,powerful active harmonic filtration device,powerful active harmonic filtration device,that is, in the most powerfulthat is, in the most powerfulthat is, in the most powerfuldevice, manufacturers already put it in,device, manufacturers already put it in,device, manufacturers already put it in,understanding that there is no need to shift this onto theunderstanding that there is no need to shift this onto theunderstanding that there is no need to shift this onto theshoulders of consumers so that they thenshoulders of consumers so that they thenshoulders of consumers so that they thenlook for additional filters orlook for additional filters orlook for additional filters ordo something else, therefore, when purchasingdo something else, therefore, when purchasingdo something else, therefore, when purchasingsome complex powerful equipment forsome complex powerful equipment forsome complex powerful equipment foryour home, some kind of refrigeratoryour home, some kind of refrigeratoryour home, some kind of refrigeratoror washing machine, always look at the description whetheror washing machine, always look at the description whetheror washing machine, always look at the description whetherit is equipped with an activeit is equipped with an activeit is equipped with an activeharmonic filter apfc active Power Factorharmonic filter apfc active Power Factorharmonic filter apfc active Power Factorcorrector, that is, apfc Remember thiscorrector, that is, apfc Remember thiscorrector, that is, apfc Remember thisabbreviation apfc to be brief Andabbreviation apfc to be brief Andabbreviation apfc to be brief Andso I got to the plant with myso I got to the plant with myso I got to the plant with mydevice, a very good friend askeddevice, a very good friend askeddevice, a very good friend askedme to measure all the electricalme to measure all the electricalme to measure all the electricalparameters, supposedly it is necessary to installparameters, supposedly it is necessary to installparameters, supposedly it is necessary to installreactive power compensation, but thenreactive power compensation, but thenreactive power compensation, but thenwe discovered that in the network right wildwe discovered that in the network right wildwe discovered that in the network right wildharmonics of the flow Yes and by voltage tooharmonics of the flow Yes and by voltage tooharmonics of the flow Yes and by voltage toothere is this we turned on the logger tothere is this we turned on the logger tothere is this we turned on the logger torecord harmonics in time whenrecord harmonics in time whenrecord harmonics in time whenthey are greater when they are less But what was mostthey are greater when they are less But what was mostthey are greater when they are less But what was mostinteresting Look at the currents of 100interesting Look at the currents of 100interesting Look at the currents of 100amperes per phase we turned on and looked atamperes per phase we turned on and looked atamperes per phase we turned on and looked ateach harmonic separately look justeach harmonic separately look justeach harmonic separately look justthis is the Fourier decompositionthis is the Fourier decompositionthis is the Fourier decompositionwhen we see the function in the form of suchwhen we see the function in the form of suchwhen we see the function in the form of suchcolumns that reflect eachcolumns that reflect eachcolumns that reflect eachharmonic of the frequency Yes And here is the fifth harmonicharmonic of the frequency Yes And here is the fifth harmonicharmonic of the frequency Yes And here is the fifth harmonicit is the most fierce turned out to be as much as 18 Ait is the most fierce turned out to be as much as 18 Ait is the most fierce turned out to be as much as 18 Alook 28% total harmonic coefficientlook 28% total harmonic coefficientlook 28% total harmonic coefficientAnd if we take the fifth separately Here is thisAnd if we take the fifth separately Here is thisAnd if we take the fifth separately Here is this18.7 and this is just fierce wildness guys18.7 and this is just fierce wildness guys18.7 and this is just fierce wildness guyssuch harmonics are given to us by the frequency convertersuch harmonics are given to us by the frequency convertersuch harmonics are given to us by the frequency converterthat controls the compressor wethat controls the compressor wethat controls the compressor welooked at the phase diagram looked at thelooked at the phase diagram looked at thelooked at the phase diagram looked at theneutral shift everything is fine there Youneutral shift everything is fine there Youneutral shift everything is fine there Youjust look cosine phi is close tojust look cosine phi is close tojust look cosine phi is close toone And what does this mean that there isone And what does this mean that there isone And what does this mean that there issome powerful corrector factor thatsome powerful corrector factor thatsome powerful corrector factor thatcorrects cosine phi but with harmonicscorrects cosine phi but with harmonicscorrects cosine phi but with harmonicscomplete disaster and they look like thiscomplete disaster and they look like thiscomplete disaster and they look like thisharmonics changed the approach toharmonics changed the approach toharmonics changed the approach toreactive power compensation and now Iwill tell you about it well and a few words aboutwill tell you about it well and a few words aboutwill tell you about it well and a few words aboutreactive power compensation if earlier we asreactive power compensation if earlier we asreactive power compensation if earlier we aselectrical engineers understood this matter andelectrical engineers understood this matter andelectrical engineers understood this matter andknew well that there is rectified power in the network This is thatknew well that there is rectified power in the network This is thatknew well that there is rectified power in the network This is thatuselessuselessuselessthing by the way, at the link in the description in thething by the way, at the link in the description in thething by the way, at the link in the description in thetooltip there will be my video on reactivetooltip there will be my video on reactivetooltip there will be my video on reactivepower who does not quite understand What is it about,power who does not quite understand What is it about,power who does not quite understand What is it about,go watch andgo watch andgo watch andthen come back Now it is absolutely useless to compensate forthen come back Now it is absolutely useless to compensate forthen come back Now it is absolutely useless to compensate forreactive power withoutreactive power withoutreactive power withoutharmonic compensation by installing aharmonic compensation by installing aharmonic compensation by installing acompensating capacitor You cancompensating capacitor You cancompensating capacitor You canachieve harmonic amplification with theachieve harmonic amplification with theachieve harmonic amplification with theinductance of the network by connecting a capacitance youinductance of the network by connecting a capacitance youinductance of the network by connecting a capacitance youcan create a circuit and cause, socan create a circuit and cause, socan create a circuit and cause, soto speak, an amplification of harmonics call them onto speak, an amplification of harmonics call them onto speak, an amplification of harmonics call them onyourself too I did it myselfyourself too I did it myselfyourself too I did it myselfI connected a cosine capacitorI connected a cosine capacitorI connected a cosine capacitorparallel to the network I connected an oscilloscope to itparallel to the network I connected an oscilloscope to itparallel to the network I connected an oscilloscope to itand was stunned how manyand was stunned how manyand was stunned how manyharmonics I have rolling down this circuit Although theharmonics I have rolling down this circuit Although theharmonics I have rolling down this circuit Although thecapacitor should not create them itcapacitor should not create them itcapacitor should not create them itjust pulled them onto itself Therefore, it makes no sense to simplyjust pulled them onto itself Therefore, it makes no sense to simplyjust pulled them onto itself Therefore, it makes no sense to simplycompensate reactive power separately now thecompensate reactive power separately now thefilterfilterfiltercompensating device is calculated in the complex at the same time with thecompensating device is calculated in the complex at the same time with thecompensating device is calculated in the complex at the same time with theharmonic an analysis of the harmonics is done theirharmonic an analysis of the harmonics is done theirharmonic an analysis of the harmonics is done theircomposition quantity and also in timecomposition quantity and also in timecomposition quantity and also in timewhen they they appear in the morning in the eveningwhen they they appear in the morning in the eveningwhen they they appear in the morning in the eveningwhat and then only the harmonic filter is usedwhat and then only the harmonic filter is usedwhat and then only the harmonic filter is usedtogether withtogether withtogether withreactive power compensation now it is onereactive power compensation now it is onereactive power compensation now it is onedevice separately there is no point in usingdevice separately there is no point in usingdevice separately there is no point in usingcapacitors for reactivecapacitors for reactivecapacitors for reactivepower compensation especially since often now evenpower compensation especially since often now evenpower compensation especially since often now evenin houses the component of reactive power isin houses the component of reactive power isin houses the component of reactive power iscapacitiveguys I was once again glad to share with you anguys I was once again glad to share with you anguys I was once again glad to share with you anunusual interestingunusual interestingunusual interestingelectrical engineering teelectrical engineering teelectrical engineering teI am glad that you arethrowing up the topic of electricity supply inthrowing up the topic of electricity supply inthrowing up the topic of electricity supply inNorway fortunately there was oneNorway fortunately there was oneNorway fortunately there was oneSubscriber who keeps in touch with meSubscriber who keeps in touch with meSubscriber who keeps in touch with methrough boosti boosti which many do notthrough boosti boosti which many do notthrough boosti boosti which many do notlike but many adore because inlike but many adore because inlike but many adore because inboosti there is a closed community correctly and inboosti there is a closed community correctly and inboosti there is a closed community correctly and inthis closed community you canthis closed community you canthis closed community you canreach me and this Subscriber of boostireach me and this Subscriber of boostireach me and this Subscriber of boostihelps me with the electricity supply ofhelps me with the electricity supply ofhelps me with the electricity supply ofNorway he himself is trying toNorway he himself is trying toNorway he himself is trying tofigure it out And I want to make sure thatfigure it out And I want to make sure thatfigure it out And I want to make sure thatyou figure it out guys This can beyou figure it out guys This can beyou figure it out guys This can besaid to be the only country in the world insaid to be the only country in the world insaid to be the only country in the world inwhich isolated neutral is very actively usedwhich isolated neutral is very actively usedwhich isolated neutral is very actively usedand you can alsoand you can alsoand you can alsosee such nonsense when an electronicsee such nonsense when an electronicsee such nonsense when an electronicmeter and a bunch of fuse plugs Well, formeter and a bunch of fuse plugs Well, formeter and a bunch of fuse plugs Well, forexample, a complete wall Yes, this is allexample, a complete wall Yes, this is allexample, a complete wall Yes, this is allNorway and what is interesting is that they live withNorway and what is interesting is that they live withNorway and what is interesting is that they live withthis and draw certain conclusions that it isthis and draw certain conclusions that it isthis and draw certain conclusions that it istime to switch to a normal tncs systemtime to switch to a normal tncs systemtime to switch to a normal tncs systemwith grounding and not with all sorts ofwith grounding and not with all sorts ofwith grounding and not with all sorts ofisolated neutrals about all this Iisolated neutrals about all this Iisolated neutrals about all this Ialso made a video because it isalso made a video because it isalso made a video because it isvery fascinating power supply ofvery fascinating power supply ofvery fascinating power supply ofother countries and I have a wholeother countries and I have a wholeother countries and I have a wholeplaylist on the channel which is calledplaylist on the channel which is calledplaylist on the channel which is calledas they have go watch in thisas they have go watch in thisas they have go watch in thisplaylist interesting videoplaylist interesting videoplaylist interesting videoHarmonic virus We have not won yet it isHarmonic virus We have not won yet it isHarmonic virus We have not won yet it isonly just gaining momentum in ouronly just gaining momentum in ouronly just gaining momentum in ourdistribution networks you can say withdistribution networks you can say withdistribution networks you can say withthis video I at least designated this topic athis video I at least designated this topic athis video I at least designated this topic abig problem which will soonbig problem which will soonbig problem which will soonroll like a snowball on ourroll like a snowball on ourroll like a snowball on ourpower grids in connection with electronicspower grids in connection with electronicspower grids in connection with electronicsdigital transition digitalizationdigital transition digitalizationdigital transition digitalizationsolarization and other improvements of oursolarization and other improvements of oursolarization and other improvements of ourpower grid and you will know aboutpower grid and you will know aboutpower grid and you will know aboutthem now and will be ready for them then withthem now and will be ready for them then withthem now and will be ready for them then withyou was Malkov Alexander energy lek besyou was Malkov Alexander energy lek besyou was Malkov Alexander energy lek besstay on a positive wavestay on a positive wavestay on a positive wavesee yousee yousee you\n"