OpenAI's Breakthrough in Minecraft: Training an AI to Craft a Diamond Pickaxe

In a groundbreaking achievement, OpenAI has revealed that they have trained a neural network on how to play Minecraft. This impressive feat is made possible by a combination of video training and reinforcement learning, which allows the AI to craft a diamond pickaxe with unprecedented ease.

The journey to creating this AI began with the use of something called video pre-training or VPT, which involves training an AI model with massive amounts of gameplay video and only a small amount of human-processed video. OpenAI collected nearly 270,000 hours of videos from all around the web, but edited them down to just under 70,000 hours of pure gameplay. To combat the lack of user inputs like keyboard actions and mouse movements, they hired human contractors to produce more data, which was then labeled so that the AI model could understand the user inputs.

The VPT foundation model was created by predicting what kind of user input the 70,000 hours of unlabeled video had to do in order to perform those actions in Minecraft. OpenAI then deployed this model into Minecraft with just video training, and it performed tasks that were previously nearly impossible with just reinforcement learning. The AI model could now cut down trees, collect logs, turn logs into boards, and make crafting tables from those boards.

This was made possible by the fine-tuning of the VPT model, which showed massive improvements in early game capabilities. According to OpenAI, this takes humans about 50 seconds, or 1000 consecutive play actions. The fine-tuned model would now go deeper into that technology tree and produce wood and stone tools.

However, when it came to a challenging task like collecting a diamond pickaxe, the AI model faced significant difficulties. To complete this task, the AI predicted that it had to perform 24,000 player actions, which takes an average human about 20 minutes. The foundation model could only perform tasks like crafting a table and collecting sticks and wooden logs.

To overcome these limitations, OpenAI introduced fine-tuning with behavioral cloning, which allowed the model to produce more advanced technological capabilities like wooden pickaxes and stone pickaxes. However, when reinforcement learning was introduced, the steps became possible, and the AI model even produced a diamond pickaxe in less than 10 minutes in about 2.5% of all runs.

The introduction of fine-tuning from a VPT model not only learned how to craft diamond tools but also achieved a human-level success rate in collecting all the items leading up to the diamond pickaxe. This was the first time anyone had shown a computer agent capable of crafting diamond tools in Minecraft, which takes humans over 20 minutes or about 24,000 actions on average.

The full video on how the AI agent completed the task of crafting a diamond pickaxe has been released, and it's clear that this achievement is a testament to the power of machine learning. The AI agent spawns next to a tree and starts chopping, crafting planks, using them to craft a crafting table, sticks, and wooden pickaxes. It then searches for iron ore in the cave, smelts metals using a furnace, crafts an iron pickaxe, and eventually finds diamonds and mines them.

The final product is a diamond pickaxe, which was crafted in just 4 minutes, an astonishing achievement given that it took humans about 20 minutes to complete. This groundbreaking feat opens up new possibilities for the use of AI in video games and beyond, and we can't wait to see what other achievements OpenAI will make in the future.

"WEBVTTKind: captionsLanguage: enOpen AI, just revealed that they have trainedaneural network on how to play Minecraft.They even claimed that the AI learned howto crafta diamond pickaxe.So how did they do all this?Let's find outIn a new research paper.OpenAI showshow a mix of video training and reinforcementlearning canpay way for an AI to craft a diamond pickaxein Minecraft.At the end of this video, we're gonna watchthefull video on how this was completed.But first, letme just explain how this came to be.So to achieve this task they use somethingcalled video pre trainingor VPT which involves training an AI modelwith massiveamounts of gameplay video and only a smallamount ofhuman processed video.Open AI collected nearly 270,000 hours ofvideos fromall around the web.That's where edited down to just under 70,000hours ofpure gameplay.OK, so let's have a look at howthey ended up with this VPT foundation model.So likeI said, they started collecting video footagefrom Internet andended up with about 70,000 hours of unlabeledvideo.So what unlabeled means is that they don'thave the userinputs like keyboard actions and mouse movements.So what they did to combat this, they hiredhumancontractors to produce more data and thisdata was ofcourse labeled so they knew the mouse movementsand thekeyboard actions.So they ended up with about 2000 hoursof this.So now they can train this model sothat the foundation model understands theuser inputs of the70,000 hours of the unlabeled video so.What basically the foundation model does theVPT model does?Is that it predicts what kind of user inputsthe70,000 hours of unlabeled video has to doto performthose actions in Minecraft.Open AI, then deploy the VPTmodel into Minecraft with just video training?The AI model,perform tasks that were previously nearlyimpossible with just reinforcement learning.It could now cut down trees, collect logs,turnlogs into boards.And make crafting tables from those boards.And according to Open AI, this takes humansabout 50seconds, or 1000 consecutive play actions.The model also showedother complex actions, such as swimming, chasingand eating animals and also pillar jumpingin which players jump repeatedly and placeblocks underneath themselves to rise higherin the terrain.After this fine tuning, the researchers noticeda massive improvement in early game capabilities.In additionThe fine tuned model would now go deeper intothat technology tree and produce wood andstone tools.Then the AI modelwas put on a challenging task of collectinga diamondpickaxe, crafting a diamond pickaxe requiresa long and complicated sequence of subtasks.OK, so here we can see howmany action has to be performed to arrivingat thediamond pickaxe.You see Open AI predicts that youhave to perform 24,000 player actions to complete.And craft the diamond pickaxe and it willtakean average human about 20 minutes.So if we just look at this, this is thefoundation model we started with.Then it could only performlike crafting a table and collecting sticksand wooden logs.But when they introduced fine tuning withbehavioral cloning.The model could produce more advanced technologicallike wooden pickaxes and even stone pickaxes.But when they introduced reinforcement learning,these steps could alsohappen, so I think it was about in 2.5% ofall the runs the AI model even produced adiamondpickaxe in less than or about 10 minutes.So fine tuning from a VPT model not only learnhow tocraft diamond pickaxes, it even has a humanlevelsuccess rate of collecting all the items leadingup tothe diamond pickaxe.So this was the first time anyone has shownacomputer agent capable of crafting diamondtools in Minecraft, which takes humans over20 minutes, or about 24,000 actions onaverage.Now let's watch the full video on how theAI agent completed the task of crafting adiamond pickaxe.So the AI agent spawns next to a tree andjust starts chopping.Then it goes ahead and crafts some planks.Then it uses these planks to craft a craftingtableand some sticks.Then negotiate places to craft the craftingtable down andopen it and goes ahead and craft a woodenpickaxe.Collects the crafting table so you can useit laterand just goes ahead and start digging downto collectsome stone to.Probably a craft or stone pickaxe, yes?Then it just continues to dig down with thestonepickaxe and it actually finds a cave and itfindssome iron ore and goes ahead and mines that.Then it crossed some places down on furnacewhich canbe used to smelt metals.Uses this furnace to smelt iron ore into ironingots.And from this it crafts an iron pickaxe usingtheiron ingots.Then the AI agent goes out and searchedfor diamonds around The Cave for about 2 minutes,or2400 player actions.Finally, it finds some diamonds and it canmine themnow because it has the iron pickaxe.Then I think it just goes ahead.First it craftsa diamond helmet, but then it goes out andcraftsthe diamond pickaxe.And hey, then the task is completed.It only didthis in 4 minutes.So well done.OK so thank you for watching anddon't forget to check out this video and I'llseeyou in the next one.\n"